| | Variables (reference category) | Bivariate regression model | Multiple regression model | | value | OR (95% CI) | value | OR (95% CI) |
| | Demographic data | | | Sex, female (male) | 0.51 | 0.9 (0.52, 1.39) | | | | Field of study, humanity and social science (natural and computational science) | 0.07 | 2.4 (0.94, 6.42) | | | | Batch, 1st year (5th year) | 0.23 | 1.4 (0.80, 2.55) | 0.42 | 0.7 (0.23, 1.85) | | Ethnicity, Oromo (Amhara) | 0.71 | 0.9 (0.46, 1.69) | | | | Religion, Protestant (Orthodox Christian) | 0.72 | 0.9 (0.40, 1.87) | | | | Worshiping frequency, never (daily) | 0.10 | 2.6 (0.83, 8.08) | 0.05 | 3.7 (1.01, 13.57) | | Marital status, divorce and married (single) | 0.008 | 0.3 (0.13, 0.73) | 0.03 | 0.3 (0.10, 0.87) | | Substance use habit and physical and mental health status | | | Cigarette smoking (no) | 0.19 | 0.5 (0.19, 1.38) | 0.98 | 0.9 (0.23, 4.16) | | Khat chewing (no) | 0.09 | 0.5 (0.23, 1.13) | 0.19 | 0.45 (0.13, 1.51) | | Drinking alcohol, less than once per month (never) | 0.03 | 1.7 (1.04, 2.91) | 0.69 | 1.2 (0.58, 2.26) | | Headache (no) | <0.001 | 3.0 (1.92, 4.77) | 0.07 | 1.7 (0.96, 3.12) | | Back pain (no) | 0.003 | 2.6 (1.38, 4.82) | 0.68 | 1.2 (0.53, 2.63) | | Fever (no) | <0.001 | 2.5 (1.54, 3.89) | 0.39 | 1.3 (0.72, 2.32) | | Suicidal thought (no) | 0.003 | 2.4 (1.35, 4.25) | 0.78 | 1.2 (0.32, 4.51) | | Common mental disorder (no) | <0.001 | 4.4 (2.80, 6.77) | <0.001 | 3.5 (1.99, 5.99) | | Sleep hygiene practice | | | Regular sleeping and waking time (no) | 0.53 | 0.9 (0.58, 1.32) | | | | Sleep environment not good (physically) (yes) | 0.05 | 1.6 (0.99, 2.71) | 0.07 | 1.8 (0.95, 3.54) | | No noise around sleeping place (yes) | 0.03 | 0.6 (0.41, 0.95) | 0.25 | 0.7 (0.42, 1.26) | | Attended night party (no) | 0.28 | 1.5 (0.73, 2.90) | | | | No stress related to exam, assignment, test (yes) | 0.001 | 0.5 (0.31, 0.72) | 0.31 | 0.8 (0.44, 1.30) | | Exercise within 15 minutes of sleeping (no) | 0.72 | 1.1 (0.60, 2.08) | | | | Exercise before 3 hours of sleeping (no) | 0.20 | 1.5 (0.82, 2.64) | 0.18 | 1.6 (0.80, 3.28) | | No nap during the afternoon (yes) | 0.94 | 1.0 (0.64, 1.51) | | | | Drink stimulants (coffee and tea) during nighttime (no) | 0.78 | 1.1 (0.69, 1.64) | | | | Eat heavy meal close to sleeping (no) | 0.21 | 1.4 (0.83, 2.40) | 0.59 | 1.2 (0.62, 2.30) | | Nighttime ritual (no) | 0.45 | 1.2 (0.76, 1.83) | | | | Using the bed only for sleeping purpose (no) | 0.54 | 1.1 (0.75, 1.74) | | | | No eating, drinking, reading, or watching TV on bed (yes) | 0.32 | 0.8 (0.52, 1.23) | | |
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