Long-Term Effectiveness of a Stress Management Intervention at Work: A 9-Year Follow-Up Study Based on a Randomized Wait-List Controlled Trial in Male Managers
Table 2
Work stress and depressive symptoms across 2006–2015 among MAN-GO participants () and SOEP participants ().
2006
2007
2008
2010
2011
2012
2015
for difference
MAN-GO participants
Work stress
- ratio
0.74 ± 0.23
0.68 ± 0.26
0.61 ± 0.28
0.62 ± 0.25
<0.0001
(i) Effort
8.67 ± 1.78
8.23 ± 2.05
7.71 ± 2.40
7.91 ± 2.49
0.0004
(ii) Reward
28.65 ± 4.93
29.65 ± 4.74
31.18 ± 4.71
30.85 ± 4.81
<0.0001
Overcommitment
13.98 ± 3.64
13.23 ± 3.60
12.83 ± 3.42
13.44 ± 3.92
0.0357
Mental health
Depressive symptoms
48.66 ± 8.21
46.63 ± 7.30
45.51 ± 7.23
48.72 ± 9.89
0.0003
SOEP participants
Work stress
- ratio
0.75 ± 0.40
0.78 ± 0.47
0.3991
(i) Effort
8.39 ± 3.12
8.58 ± 3.00
0.5677
(ii) Reward
28.62 ± 5.74
28.65 ± 6.19
0.9485
Overcommitment
14.17 ± 3.21
14.03 ± 3.27
0.6731
Mental health
Depressive symptoms
48.86 ± 7.82
48.51 ± 7.47
49.15 ± 9.16
50.67 ± 7.97
0.1747
Means and SDs; repeated measures analysis of variance.