A Key Major Guideline for Engineering Bioactive Multicomponent Nanofunctionalization for Biomedicine and Other Applications: Fundamental Models Confirmed by Both Direct and Indirect Evidence

Table 1

Introducing different samples.

Sample code	Pretreatment	Nanolayer functionalization		Nanoparticle functionalization
	(Mercerizing)	Natural NLs	Organomodified NLs	TiO2 NPs
C	✗	✗	✗	✗
M.C	✓	✗	✗	✗
NL	✗	✓	✗	✗
ONL	✗	✗	✓	✗
M.NL	✓	✓	✗	✗
M.ONL	✓	✗	✓	✗
NP	✗	✗	✗	✓
M.NP	✓	✗	✗	✓
NL/NP	✗	✓	✗	✓
ONL/NP	✗	✗	✓	✓
M.NL/NP	✓	✓	✗	✓
M.ONL/NP	✓	✗	✓	✓