Clinical Study

A Modified Translaminar Osseous Channel-Assisted Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy for Highly Migrated and Sequestrated Disc Herniations of the Upper Lumbar: Clinical Outcomes, Surgical Indications, and Technical Considerations

Table 1

Clinical and neuroimaging characteristics in eleven patients with highly migrated and sequestrated disc herniations of the upper .

Case numberAge (yrs)SexBack painRadicular painMotor deficitSensory deficitFNSTSLRTLevel of CMLevel of DH

165F+rt legrt L-1 SDrt L-1, L-2 SD+L-1 bodyL1-2
253F+rt legrt L-3 SDrt L-3 SD++L1-2 discL3-4
331M+Both legsBoth L-2 SDBoth L-2 SD+L-1 bodyL2-3
445F+lt leglt L-3 SDL-1 bodyL3-4
537F+rt legrt L-1, L-2 SD+L1-2 discL1-2
643M+Both legsL-1 bodyL2-3
755F+rt legrt L-1 SDrt L-1 SD+L-1 bodyL1-2
847M+Both legsBoth L-2Both L2 SD+L-1 bodyL1-2
932M+lt leglt L-3lt L3, L4 SD+L-1 bodyL3-4
1059F+Both legsBoth L-2 SDBoth L-2 SD+L1-2 discL2-3
1162F+lt leg+L-1 bodyL1-2

patient had bladder or bowel dysfunction.
CM = conus medullaris; DH = disc herniation; FNST = femoral nerve stretch test; SD = sensory dermatome; SLRT = straight leg raising test; − = absent; + = present.