A Modified Translaminar Osseous Channel-Assisted Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy for Highly Migrated and Sequestrated Disc Herniations of the Upper Lumbar: Clinical Outcomes, Surgical Indications, and Technical Considerations
Table 1
Clinical and neuroimaging characteristics in eleven patients with highly migrated and sequestrated disc herniations of the upper .
Case number
Age (yrs)
Sex
Back pain
Radicular pain
Motor deficit
Sensory deficit
FNST
SLRT
Level of CM
Level of DH
1
65
F
+
rt leg
rt L-1 SD
rt L-1, L-2 SD
+
−
L-1 body
L1-2
2
53
F
+
rt leg
rt L-3 SD
rt L-3 SD
+
+
L1-2 disc
L3-4
3
31
M
+
Both legs
Both L-2 SD
Both L-2 SD
+
−
L-1 body
L2-3
4
45
F
+
lt leg
−
lt L-3 SD
−
−
L-1 body
L3-4
5
37
F
+
rt leg
−
rt L-1, L-2 SD
+
−
L1-2 disc
L1-2
6
43
M
+
Both legs
−
−
−
−
L-1 body
L2-3
7
55
F
+
rt leg
rt L-1 SD
rt L-1 SD
+
−
L-1 body
L1-2
8
47
M
+
Both legs
Both L-2
Both L2 SD
+
−
L-1 body
L1-2
9
32
M
+
lt leg
lt L-3
lt L3, L4 SD
−
+
L-1 body
L3-4
10
59
F
+
Both legs
Both L-2 SD
Both L-2 SD
+
−
L1-2 disc
L2-3
11
62
F
+
lt leg
−
−
+
−
L-1 body
L1-2
patient had bladder or bowel dysfunction. CM = conus medullaris; DH = disc herniation; FNST = femoral nerve stretch test; SD = sensory dermatome; SLRT = straight leg raising test; − = absent; + = present.