Advanced Age as a Predictor of Survival and Weaning in Venoarterial Extracorporeal Oxygenation: A Retrospective Observational Study

Table 1

Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study patients according to in-hospital mortality and ECMO weaning.

	All patients; ()	Survivor or nonsurvivor			Successful or failed weaning from ECMO
		Survivors	Nonsurvivors	P	Successful weaning	Failed weaning
		()	()		()	()
Age (years)				.002			.02
Gender (M/F)	94/41	27/8	67/35	.36	38/15	56/26	.82
Height (cm)				.04			.33
Body weight (kg)				.18			.28
Body mass index (kg/m^2)				.87			.51
Body mass index (BMI)				.38			.90
Normal (18.5 ≤ BMI ≤ 22.9)	50 (37.0%)	15	35		18	32
Overweight (23 ≤ BMI ≤ 24.9)	34 (25.2%)	7	27		14	20
Obese (25 ≤ BMI ≤ 29.9)	45 (33.3%)	10	35		18	27
Highly obese (BMI ≥ 30)	6 (4.4%)	3	3		3	3
ECMO type				.18			.43
VA ECMO	129 (95.6%)	32	97		50	79
VV-VA ECMO	3 (2.2%)	2	1		2	1
VA-VV ECMO	1 (0.7%)	0	1		0	1
VAV ECMO	1 (0.7%)	1	0		1	0
VA-VAV ECMO	1 (0.7%)	0	1		0	1
Anticoagulation				.31			.13
With heparin	55 (40.7%)	14	41		23	32
With nafamostat	74 (54.8%)	21	53		30	44
No anticoagulation	6 (4.4%)	0	6		0	6
Primary origin				.27			.56
Cardiac origin	105 (77.8%)	25	80		42	63
Respiratory origin	1 (0.7%)	1	0		1	0
Sepsis origin	27 (20.0%)	8	19		9	18
Trauma origin	2 (1.5%)	1	1		1	1
Admission route				.49			.36
Via ER	84 (62.2%)	24	60		36	48
Via ward	51 (37.8%)	11	40		17	34
Arrest occurrence				<.001			.001
Arrest	101 (74.8%)	16	85		31	70
No arrest	34 (25.2%)	19	15		22	12
Arrest place				<.001			.001
Out-hospital arrest	34 (25.2%)	10	24		13	21
In-hospital arrest	67 (49.6%)	6	61		18	49
No arrest	34 (25.2%)	19	15		22	12
CPR				<.001			.002
Yes	102 (75.6%)	17	85		32	70
No	33 (24.4%)	18	15		21	12
CPR time (min)				.02			.11
ECPR				<.001			.005
Yes	87 (64.4%)	12	75		26	61
No	48 (35.6%)	23	25		27	21
Operation				.38			.48
No OP	122 (90.4%)	30	92		47	75
ECMO after OP	4 (3.0%)	2	2		2	2
OP with ECMO	2 (1.5%)	0	2		0	2
OP after ECMO	7 (5.2%)	3	4		4	3
HD (days)				<.001			<.001
ICU stay (days)				<.001			<.001
CRRT				.47			.54
Yes	97 (71.9%)	23	74		36	61
No	38 (28.1%)	12	26		17	21
IABP				.04			.11
Yes	22 (16.3%)	4	18		6	16
No	111 (82.2%)	29	82		45	66
Yes after ECMO weaning	2 (1.5%)	2	0		2	0
ARF				.005			.35
Yes	64 (47.4%)	9	55		22	42
No	71 (52.6%)	26	45		31	40
ECMO time (hours)				.10			.01
Hypertension				.23			.11
Yes	56 (41.5%)	11	45		17	39
No	79 (58.5%)	24	55		36	43
DM				.06			.10
Yes	51 (37.8%)	8	43		15	36
No	84 (62.2%)	27	57		38	46
SAPS II				<.001			<.001
SOFA				<.001			.001
PDR				<.001			<.001
iCK-MB				.20			.09
iTroponin				.37			.14
iBUN				.24			.38
iCr				.78			.86
ipH				<.001			<.001
Lactate				<.001			<.001
BNP				.39			.58
pCK-MB				.66			.43
pTroponin				.23			.86
pBUN				.57			.09
pCr				.94			.39
pTB				.90			.06

BMI, body mass index; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; AMI, acute myocardial infarction; ER, emergency room; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; E-CPR, extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation; OP, operation; HD, hospitalization day; ICU, intensive care unit; CRRT, continuous renal replacement therapy; IABP, intra-aortic balloon pump; ARF, acute renal failure; DM, diabetes mellitus; SAPS II, simplified acute physiology score II; SOFA, sepsis-related organ failure assessment; PDR, predicted death rate; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; Cr, creatinine; CK-MB, creatine kinase MB isoenzyme; TB, total bilirubin; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide.