|
| Marker | Coexpression with FXIII+/− (%) | In dermatology | Function | Expressing cells | References |
|
| CD11c (CR4) | − | Normal skin | (i) Type I transmembrane glycoprotein
(ii) Integrin αX (ITGAX) forms with ITGB2 a leukocyte specific integrin receptor (CR4) | (i) Myeloid dendritic cells | [25, 37, 45, 62] |
| − | NL |
| − | GA |
| − | AD |
| − | Psoriasis |
| − | Stromal cell cc. |
|
| CD1c (BDCA-1) | − | Normal skin | (i) Type I membrane glycoprotein
(ii) Mediating the presentation of nonpeptide antigens to T cells | (i) Myeloid dendritic cells | [25, 37, 63] |
| − | NL |
| − | GA |
| + (25%) | MF |
| + (25%) | Psoriasis |
|
| CD45 | + | Normal skin | (i) Protein tyrosine phosphatase
(iii) Required for differentiation, growth, mitosis | (i) Bone marrow derived cells | [37, 45, 64, 65] |
| − | AD |
| − | Psoriasis |
|
| HLADR | +++ (85%) | Normal skin | (i) MHC class II receptor
(ii) Antigen presentation to T cells | (i) Antigen presenting cells | [37, 45, 49, 62] |
| + | AD |
| + | Psoriasis |
| − | Histiocytosis |
|
| CD34 | −
−
−
−
− | JLS
Self-healing papular mucinosis
DF
DFSP
Oral lichen planus | (i) Single chain transmembrane glycoprotein
(ii) Regulating cell-cell adhesion and inhibits hematopoietic cell differentiation | (i) Hematopoietic progenitor cells
(ii) Endothelial progenitor cells
(iii) Vascular endothelial cells | [54, 66–69] |
|
| CD11b (MAC-1α) | − | Normal skin | (i) Integrin αM chain
(ii) Part of C3 complement receptor
(iii) Receptor for C3bi, fibrinogen, FX | (i) Myeloid cells
(ii) Monocytes
(iii) NK cells (weak) | [45] |
|
| CD14 | + (22%) | Normal skin | (i) Lipopolysaccharide receptor | (i) Monocytes
(ii) Macrophages
(iii) Myeloid dendritic cells | [45, 62] |
|
| CD83 | − | Normal skin | (i) Immunoglobulin receptor
(ii) Antigen presentation, T cell activation | (i) Mature dendritic cells | [25, 49] |
| − | NL |
| − | GA |
| | Histiocytosis |
|
| CD205 (DEC205) | − | Normal skin | (i) C type lecithin type I membrane protein, part of the macrophage mannose receptor family
(ii) Participates in antigen endocytosis | (i) Mature dendritic cells
(ii) Thymic epithelial cells
(iii) Monocytes | [37] |
|
| CD209 (ICAM-3, DC-SIGN) | +++ (98.8%)
+++ (96%)
+++ (93.5%) | Normal skin
NL
GA | (i) C type lecithin receptor type II
(ii) Adhesion receptor, connection between DC-T cells and DC-endothelial, antigen receptor | (i) Tissue dendritic cells
(ii) Macrophages
(iii) Immature dendritic cells | [25] |
|
| CD208 (LAMP-3, DC-LAM) | − | Normal skin | (i) Type I lysosome associated membrane glycoprotein
(ii) Maturation marker (upregulated by GM-CSF, IL-4, TNFα) | (i) Mature dendritic cells | [25, 37] |
| − | NL |
| − | GA |
|
| CD123 (IL3Rα chain) | − | Normal skin | (i) Forming high affinity IL3 receptor
(ii) Cell growth and differentiation | (i) Plasmacytoid dendritic cells
(ii) Basophil granulocytes | [37, 70, 71] |
| − | Tuberculoid leprosy |
| − | Lepromatous leprosy |
|
| CD68 | +++ (85.5%)
++ (64.33%)
++ (62.3%)
−
−
−
−
+++ | Normal skin
NL
GA
AD
Psoriasis
Lichen planus
Chronic GVHD
Dermal dendrocytomas | (i) Type I lysosomal/endosomal associated membrane glycoprotein
(ii) Binding low-density lipoprotein | (i) Monocytes
(ii) Tissue macrophages
(iii) Dendritic cells | [25, 48, 49, 53, 65, 72, 73] |
|
| CD1a (Leu-6) | − | Normal skin | (i) Type I membrane glycoprotein
(ii) Lipid and glycolipid antigen presentation | (i) Langerhans cells
(ii) Dendritic cells
(iii) Cortical thymocytes | [25, 45, 49, 63, 65, 70–72] |
| − | NL |
| − | GA |
| − | AD |
| − | Psoriasis |
| − | Lichen planus |
| − | Chronic GVHD |
| − | Leprosy |
| − | LCH/DC histiocytosis |
|
| CD207 (langerin) | − | Tuberculoid leprosy | (i) Type II C-type transmembrane lecithin receptor
(ii) Capturing antigens and inducing Birbeck granule formation | (i) Langerhans cells
(ii) Dendritic cells | [49, 70] |
| − | LCH |
|
| CD36 | +++ (92%) | Normal skin | (i) Class B scavenger receptor
(ii) Binding long chain fatty acids, oxidized LDL, collagen types I, IV and V, and thrombospondin, as well as for apoptotic cells | (i) Endothelial cells
(ii) Erythrocytes
(iii) Platelets
(iv) Monocytes
(v) Macrophages
(vi) Macrophage-derived dendritic cells | [45] |
|
| CD54 (ICAM-1) | −
+ | Normal skin
Lichen planus | (i) Type I transmembrane glycoprotein
(ii) Adhesion molecule, ligand for integrin | (i) Monocytes
(ii) Macrophages
(iii) Lymphocytes
(iv) Activated endothelial cells
(v) Granulocytes
(vi) Dendritic cells | [45, 69] |
|
| CD163 (M130) | +++ (97.8%) | Normal skin | (i) Single chain transmembrane protein,
hemoglobin/haptoglobin complex scavenger receptor,
(ii) Signal transduction for proinflammatory cytokine production | (i) Mature tissue macrophage
(ii) Blood monocyte | [17, 25, 37] |
| +++ (77.1%) | NL |
| +++ (85.5%) | GA |
|
| CD206 (MMR) | +++ (94.8%)
++ (52.2%)
++ (74.7%) | Normal skin
NL
GA | (i) Type I membrane protein, macrophage mannose receptor
(ii) Mediating antigen endocytosis/phagocytosis | (i) Macrophages
(ii) Dendritic cells
(iii) Endothelial cells | [25] |
|
| S100 | −
−
−
−
+ (?)
− | LHC/DC histiocytosis
Chromoblastmycosis
DF
DFSP
Neurofibroma
Schwannoma | (i) Ca2+ binding protein regulation of protein phosphorylation, transcription factors
(ii) Ca2+ homeostasis, the dynamics of cytoskeleton constituents, enzyme activities, cell growth and differentiation, and the inflammatory response | (Neural crest cells)
(i) Langerhans cells
(ii) Dendritic cells
(iii) Macrophages
(iv) Keratinocytes
(v) Adipocytes
(vi) Myoepithelial
(vii) Chondrocytes | [48, 49, 54, 56, 68, 74] |
|
