Protein Supplementation to Augment the Effects of High Intensity Resistance Training in Untrained Middle-Aged Males: The Randomized Controlled PUSH Trial
Table 2
Baseline characteristics of the PUSH study groups.
Variables
HIT ()
HIT&P ()
HVHIT ()
Control ()
value
Age [y]
0.717/.451
Body Mass Index
0.376/.770
Total body fat mass [kg]
0.904/.172
Physical activity
0.818/.311
Exercise volume [min/week]
0.640/.564
Working time [h/week]
0.322/1.17
Upper/middle/lower class [%]
20/68/12
25/63/12
18/73/9
18/73/9
≥0.816/.94
University studies [%]
70
78
75
75
0.785/1.07
Smokers []
1
1
2
2
0.733/3.59
Diseases (ICD-10) [%]
20
25
22
21
0.963/.29
Chronic medication [%]
10
13
13
13
0.981/.18
Energy intake
0.671/.518
Protein intake
0.294/1.25
Fat/CHO/alcohol
99/305/12
106/314/12
100/286/14
94/298/14
≥0.20/.199
Based on a scale from 1 (very low) to 7 (very high) according to a subjective assessment of professional, household, and recreational activities. Chi square test value; based on a 4-day dietary intake protocol. CHO: carbohydrates.
