Research Article

A Type III Effector NleF from EHEC Inhibits Epithelial Inflammatory Cell Death by Targeting Caspase-4

Figure 2

Characterization of EHEC ΔnleF-induced cell death. HT29 cells were infected with EDL933, ΔnleF, or ΔnleF/nleF at a MOI of 100 and then incubated at 37°C for the indicated time periods. (a-b) Infected cells were treated with or without (a) cytochrome c release inhibitor    (1 μM) or (b) caspases inhibitors (20 μM). Aliquots of the cellular supernatants were subjected to the cytotoxicity assay. (c) Whole cell lysates were analyzed by immunoblotting with anti-IL-1β antibody; percentages of mature IL-1β per whole IL-1β are shown in the right panel. (d) Aliquots of supernatants were subjected to an IL-1β ELISA assay. Graphs show the means ± SEM of triplicate wells; all data are representative of three independent experiments. . values were calculated using two-tailed Student’s -test.
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