Clinicopathological Characteristics, Treatment, and Prognosis of Rarely Primary Epididymal Adenocarcinoma: A Review and Update

Table 5

Treatment and prognosis of primary epididymal adenocarcinoma reported in the literatures from 2007 to 2017.

Ref.	Primary treatment	IFP	Interval time^※	Secondary treatment	Follow-up time and prognosis
Graham et al. 2017 [6]	Epididymectomy, RO, scrotectomy, resection of the inguinal mass and ILND	No use	—	—	12 mo; right ILN and suspected pulmonary metastasis
Pindoria et al. 2016 [7]	A biopsy	No use	After having a child by IVF treatment	RO and onco-micro TeSE	—
Urabe et al.; 2016 [13]	RO	No use	—	—	10 mo; no evidence of metastasis and recurrence
Gupta et al.; 2015 [8]	RO	No use	2 yr	Chemotherapy (capecitabine)	30 mo; bilateral pulmonary metastasis was found 2 yr after surgery and the lesions were stable 6 mo later
Nozawa et al. 2014 [5]	RO	—	—	—	—
Staník et al.; 2012 [9]	RO	No use	4 mo	RPLND and chemotherapy (paclitaxel and carboplatin)	20 mo; no evidence of metastasis and recurrence
Soumarová et al. 2012 [10]	Orchiectomy, RPLND	—	6 mo	Palliative RT	48 mo; scrotal recurrence was found 6 mo after surgery and the lesion was complete remission 42 mo after RT
Yang et al.; 2010 [15]	RO, RPLND	Yes	—	—	At least 10 mo; no evidence of metastasis and recurrence
Arisan et al. 2004 [14]	RO, unilateral ILND and chemotherapy (cisplatin and etoposide)	No use	—	—	Patient died of right lateral acetabulum and spleen and liver metastasis after 6 mo
Hayashi et al. 2003 [16]	RO	No use	—	—	17 mo; no evidence of metastasis and recurrence.
Chauhan et al. 2001 [11]	RO	Yes	1 yr	RPLND and radiochemotherapy (2nd); palliative chemotherapy (3rd)	Patient died after 30 mo. RLN metastasis occurred 1 yr after initial surgery. Multiple bone metastasis occurred 1 yr after secondary treatment
Ganem et al. 1998 [3]	Transscrotal epididymectomy	No use	1 mo	Radical orchiectomy and hemiscrotectomy	18 mo; no evidence of metastasis and recurrence.
Jones et al.; 1997 [4]	①RO; ②RO and RT; ③RO; ④RO, RPLND and ILND	①No use; ②No use; ③No use; ④No use	①  1 yr; ②  —; ③  —; ④  —	① RPLND; ② —; ③ —; ④ —	① Patient died after 20 mo. RLN metastasis occurred 1 yr after initial surgery. Bilateral lung metastasis occurred 8 mo later.; ② Patient died of extensive abdominal and PLN metastases after 6 mo.; ③ —; ④ 30 yr; no evidence of metastasis and recurrence

IFP: intraoperative frozen pathology; ILN: inguinal lymph node; ILND: inguinal lymph node dissection; IVF: in vitro fertilization; onco-micro TeSE: microsurgical testicular sperm extraction in cancer patients; PLN: pelvic lymph node; RPLN: retroperitoneal lymph node; RPLND: retroperitoneal lymph node dissection; RO: radical orchiectomy; RT: radiotherapy. time indicates the time between primary and secondary treatment.