Bisphenol A Is More Potent than Phthalate Metabolites in Reducing Pancreatic β-Cell Function

Figure 4

Increased insulin secretion after concomitant exposure to glucose and BPA, phthalate metabolites, or positive controls. INS-1E cells were incubated for 1 h with glucose-free KRBH buffer, followed by 2 h incubation with (a) BPA or the positive controls IBMX (25 μM) and Forskolin (0.25 μM) in the presence of 6.7 or 16.7 mM glucose in KRBH buffer. This concomitant exposure scenario was also used in (b) for the indicated concentrations of phthalate metabolites and the positive control IBMX (25 μM), but only for 6.7 mM glucose. For all figures, indicates significant increase compared to control, while # indicates significant difference from the other phthalate metabolites at the corresponding concentration (2-way ANOVA, repeated measures, with Bonferroni posttest, ).

(a)

(b)