Urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin Is Complementary to Albuminuria in Diagnosis of Early-Stage Diabetic Kidney Disease in Type 2 Diabetes

Table 2

The differences between T2DM patients with urine NGAL to creatinine ratio (uNCR) below and above the maximum control value.

	T2DM patients with uNCR ≤ 39.64 µg/g ()	T2DM patients with uNCR > 39.64 µg/g ()	value
Age, years			0.9
Men, (%)	54 (55)	3 (12)	<0.001
BMI, kg/m^2			0.9
Treatment with ACEI or ARB, (%)	67 (68)	19 (79)	0.3
T2DM duration, years	6 (1–10)	6 (5–12)	0.5
Newly diagnosed diabetes, (%)	27 (27)	4 (16)	0.3
Ophthalmologic examination, (%)	83 (84)	11 (46)	<0.001
Retinopathy, (% of examined)	17 (20)	2 (18)	0.9
HbA1c, %/mmol/mol	6.50 (5.90–8.50)/47.5 (41.0–69.4)	6.95 (6.10–8.60)/52.5 (43.2–70.5)	0.4
eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m^2			0.9
Triglycerides, mmol/l	1.56 (1.20–2.03)	2.42 (1.40–3.39)	0.021
Total cholesterol, mmol/l	4.59 (3.83–5.72)	5.74 (4.55–7.14)	0.003
LDL-cholesterol, mmol/l	2.60 (1.95–3.61)	3.69 (2.40–4.47)	0.004
HDL-cholesterol, mmol/l	1.19 (0.96–1.46)	1.23 (1.06–1.40)	0.5
Urine albumin, mg/l	6.8 (3.0–12.9)	16.3 (10.7–35.9)	0.003
uACR, mg/g	4.8 (3.1–13.0)	16.0 (9.1–50.0)	<0.001
uACR < 30 mg/g, (%)	84 (88)	13 (54)	<0.001

T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; BMI, body mass index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin receptor blockers; uACR, urine albumin/creatinine ratio; NGAL, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; uNCR, urine NGAL/creatinine ratio.