A Study on the Improvement of Walking Characteristics of the Elderly with Vibration Stimuli Applied to the Tibialis Anterior Tendon

Table 3

Angle profiles’ differences between the young adults and the elderly with NS and between the young adults and the elderly with all vibratory stimuli conditions of the subthreshold intensity (mean ± SD).

	Stance phase	LR	MSt	TSt	PSw
Ankle joint
Elderly with NS
with 180 Hz	4.59 ± 1.55				9.74 ± 1.50
with 190 Hz	4.77 ± 1.56			4.87 ± 0.31	9.92 ± 1.30
with 200 Hz	4.55 ± 1.35		3.29 ± 1.22	4.50 ± 0.16	8.95 ± 1.22
Knee joint
Elderly with NS
with 180 Hz	5.26 ± 1.13	5.53 ± 0.39		5.55 ± 0.97	1.82 ± 0.76
with 190 Hz	5.02 ± 1.03	5.08 ± 0.35		5.46 ± 0.90	1.90 ± 0.73
with 200 Hz	5.23 ± 1.03	5.28 ± 0.34		5.75 ± 0.88	1.97 ± 0.60
Hip joint
Elderly with NS
with 180 Hz		7.58 ± 0.30		8.79 ± 0.90
with 190 Hz
with 200 Hz		7.52 ± 0.26

SD: standard deviation; NS: nonstimulated; LR: loading response; MSt: midstance; TSt: Terminal-stance; PSw: preswing; the italic text indicates the increase in the profiles’ differences; the bold text indicates the decrease in the profiles’ differences. Statistical differences .