Impact of an Intensive Perinatal Handwashing Promotion Intervention on Maternal Handwashing Behavior in the Neonatal Period: Findings from a Randomized Controlled Trial in Rural Bangladesh

Table 3

Handwashing behavior before breastfeeding and after fecal contact, as measured by structured observations, by treatment arm, Matlab, Bangladesh, 2010-11.

	Control group	Intervention group	Risk difference	Adjusted risk difference^1, 2	Risk ratio (95% CI)	Adjusted risk ratio^1, 2 (95% CI)
Before breastfeeding
Number of events observed	396	410
HWWS	6 (2)	31 (8)	0.0649 (0.0307, 0.992)		5.11 (1.89, 13.85)	5.18 (1.91, 14.00)
HWW	16 (4)	26 (6)	0.0276 (−0.0050, 0.0601)	0.0278 (−0.0049, 0.0605)	1.67 (0.91, 3.08)	1.67 (0.90, 3.09)
No HW	374 (94)	353 (86)	Referent	Referent	Referent	Referent
After fecal contact
Observed events	219	242
HWWS	10 (5)	33 (14)	0.1027 (0.0401, 0.1652)		2.99 (1.42, 6.30)	3.21 (1.53, 6.77)
HWW	25 (11)	28 (12)	0.0144 (−0.0547, 0.0834)	0.0081 (−0.0613, 0.0775)	1.12 (0.65, 1.92)	1.17 (0.67, 2.04)
No HW	184 (84)	181 (75)	Referent	Referent	Referent	Referent

HWWS: handwashing with soap.
HWW: handwashing with water.
HW: handwashing.
¹Comparison of HWWS versus no HW.
²Adjusted for mother’s education (if included water source, no convergence).
convergence using log binomial or Poisson model.