Aortic Arch Calcification as a Predictor of Repeated Arteriovenous Fistula Failure within 1-Year in Hemodialysis Patients
Table 1
Comparison of baseline characteristics in the study patients with lower grade and higher grade aortic arch calcification.
Parameters
Total ()
Aortic arch calcification
p value
Lower grade ()
Higher grade ()
Age, years
<0.001
Sex, (%)
Male
158 (55.6)
80 (61.5)
78 (50.6)
Female
126 (44.4)
50 (38.5)
76 (49.4)
0.066
Cardiovascular disease, (%)
120 (42.3)
38 (29.2)
82 (53.2)
<0.001
Diabetes mellitus, (%)
208 (73.2)
87 (66.9)
121 (78.6)
<0.027
Hypertension, (%)
276 (97.2)
124 (95.4)
152 (98.7)
0.092
Body mass index, kg/m2
0.692
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
0.581
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
0.019
Biochemical data (baseline value)
White blood cell count, 109/L
0.549
Hemoglobin, mmol/L
0.474
Uric acid, mmol/L
0.111
Corrected calcium, mmol/L
0.021
Phosphorus, mmol/L
0.194
IPTH, pmol/L
23.0 (12.1–36.6)
26.9 (13.3–39.9)
19.6 (11.1–30.8)
0.021
Serum albumin, g/L
0.674
Total cholesterol, mmol/L
0.163
Triglyceride, mmol/L
0.673
Medications
Anti-platelet agent
110 (38.7)
48 (36.9)
62 (40.3)
0.565
ACEI/ARB
204 (71.8)
93 (71.5)
111 (72.1)
0.920
Lipid lowering agent
90 (31.7)
42 (32.3)
48 (31.2)
0.837
Site of AVF, (%)
Left side
206 (73.3)
94 (74.0)
112 (72.7)
Right side
75 (26.7)
33 (26.0)
42 (27.3)
0.808
Location of AVF, (%)
Forearm
244 (86.8)
106 (83.5)
138 (89.6)
Upper arm
37 (13.2)
21 (16.5)
16 (10.4)
0.129
Surgeon
A
239 (84.2)
104 (80.0)
135 (87.7)
B
18 (6.3)
11 (8.5)
7 (4.5)
C
27 (9.5)
15 (11.5)
12 (7.8)
0.198
Abbreviations: IPTH = Intact parathyroid hormone; ACEI = Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB = Angiotensin receptor blocker; AVF = Arteriovenous fistula; Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or numbers (percentages), except for IPTH, which are presented as median (interquartile range); .
