Review Article
A Review of Modern Control Strategies for Clinical Evaluation of Propofol Anesthesia Administration Employing Hypnosis Level Regulation
Table 1
Required effect site concentration for commonly used closed loop anesthesia.
| Drug | Effect | Required effect site concentration |
| Propofol | Sedation | 2-3 μg⋅ml−1 | Anesthesia | 4–6 μg⋅ml−1 |
| Remifentanil | Laryngoscopy | 2-3 ng⋅ml−1 | Analgesia for superficial surgery | 3-4 ng⋅ml−1 | Analgesia for laparotomy | 6–8 ng⋅ml−1 | Analgesia for cardiac surgery | 10–12 ng⋅ml−1 |
| Alfentanil | Analgesia for major surgery | 75–100 ng⋅ml−1 | Analgesia for cardiac surgery | 150–220 ng⋅ml−1 |
| Sufentanil | Analgesia for major surgery | 0.1–0.4 ng⋅ml−1 | Analgesia for cardiac surgery | 0.6–1.0 ng⋅ml−1 |
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