Review Article

A Review of Modern Control Strategies for Clinical Evaluation of Propofol Anesthesia Administration Employing Hypnosis Level Regulation

Table 1

Required effect site concentration for commonly used closed loop anesthesia.

DrugEffectRequired effect site concentration

PropofolSedation2-3 μg⋅ml−1
Anesthesia4–6 μg⋅ml−1

RemifentanilLaryngoscopy2-3 ng⋅ml−1
Analgesia for superficial surgery3-4 ng⋅ml−1
Analgesia for laparotomy6–8 ng⋅ml−1
Analgesia for cardiac surgery10–12 ng⋅ml−1

AlfentanilAnalgesia for major surgery75–100 ng⋅ml−1
Analgesia for cardiac surgery150–220 ng⋅ml−1

SufentanilAnalgesia for major surgery0.1–0.4 ng⋅ml−1
Analgesia for cardiac surgery0.6–1.0 ng⋅ml−1