Sodium Fluorescein-Guided Resection under the YELLOW 560 nm Surgical Microscope Filter in Malignant Gliomas: Our First 38 Cases Experience

Figure 1

Case (30). (a) Intraoperative imaging based on T1-weighted gadolinium-enhancement MRI navigation during resection of a left frontal GBM. Non-contrast-enhancement region (NCE, blue line) in margin of tumor was obtained according to the navigation indicated. At the same time, the same region (NCE) presented high fluorescence yellow color ((b) black arrow) under the YELLOW 560 filter, and it is feasible to visualize the area of tumor ((b) tumor) that needed to be resected ((b) black arrow and tumor) and distinguished from the normal region ((b) Nor). Tumor was confirmed as GBM ((c) under microscope X 100) by pathology postoperatively. Biopsy specimen was obtained from NCE region ((b) black arrow), pathology was employed postoperatively and confirmed as gliocyte proliferation (under microscope (d) HE-stained ×200, (e) GFAP-stained ×100, and (f) Ki 67-stained ×100).

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