Detection of Urine Metabolites in a Rat Model of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome before and after Exercise

Table 2

Potential biomarkers and the related pathways in CFS group in comparison with the control group.

	Number	RT	m/z	KEGG	Formula	Metabolite		Related pathway
Pre-exercise	1	8.87	188	C00383	CH2(COOC2H5)2	Malonic acid		Pyrimidine metabolism; β-alanine metabolism
	2	13.64	247	C01013	C3H6O3	3-Hydroxypropionic acid		Pyrimidine metabolism; β-alanine metabolism; propanoate metabolism
	3	13.84	304	C00026	C5H7NO5	α-Ketoglutaric acid		TCA cycle; alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism
	4	14.21	164	C05593	C8H7O3	3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid		Tyrosine metabolism; phenylalanine metabolism
	5	14.46	267	C00156	C7H6O3	4-Hydroxybenzoic acid		Phenylalanine metabolism
	6	18.01	202	C00954	C10H9NO2	Indole-3-acetic acid		Tryptophan metabolism
	7	18.24	319	C00880	C6H10O7	Galactonic acid		Galactose metabolism
	8	18.27	333	C00257	C6H12O7	Gluconic acid		Pentose phosphate pathway; biosynthesis of antibiotics
	9	23.19	230	C00294	C10H12N4O5	Inosine		Purine metabolism
	10	26.58	73	C05485	C6H11NO3	21-Hydroxypregnenolone		Steroid hormone biosynthesis
Post-exercise	1	8.87	188	C00383	CH2(COOC2H5)2	Malonic acid		Pyrimidine metabolism; β-alanine metabolism
	2	11.00	245	C00122	C4H4O4	Fumaric acid		TCA cycle; alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism
	3	11.65	184	C01732	C5H6O4	2-Methylfumarate		C5-branched dibasic acid metabolism
	4	12.73	233	C00149	C4H6O5	Malic acid		TCA cycle
	5	13.83	304	C00026	C5H7NO5	α-Ketoglutaric acid		TCA cycle; alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism
	6	14.48	292	C00898	C4H6O6	Tartaric acid		TCA cycle
	7	18.27	333	C00257	C6H12O7	Gluconic acid		Pentose phosphate pathway; biosynthesis of antibiotics
	8	18.77	117	C00249	C16H32O2	Palmitic acid		Fatty acid metabolism; biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids
	9	22.16	204	C00319	C14H31NO6S	Sphingosine		Sphingolipid metabolism
	10	26.57	73	C05485	C6H11NO3	21-Hydroxypregnenolone		Steroid hormone biosynthesis

: upregulated; (): downregulated. ; ; .