Bioconversion of Sugarcane Vinasse into High-Added Value Products and Energy

Table 2

Physicochemical characteristics of raw vinasse and residual vinasse-based fermentation media.

Parameter	Unity	Raw Vinasse	Fermented media
			Range	Average ± SD
pH	—	4.1	6.4–6.9	6.6 ± 0.2
VSS	mg/L	6594	334–639	466 ± 114
	g /L	57.6	8.5–9.8	9.2 ± 0.9
Total COD	g /L	77.0	14.6–45.8	30.3 ± 12.8
Soluble COD	g /L	60.4	13.8–39.4	24.8 ± 12.7
TOC	mg/L	27,362	—
Total carbon	mg/L	28,600	—
Total nitrogen	mg/L	1802	305–2077	998 ± 638
Total phosphorus	mg/L	15	nd–30	16 ± 33
Sulfate	g/L	5.8	1.6–11.6	5.3 ± 4.6
Chloride	g/L	3.5	2.5–16.4	6.7 ± 5.3
Volatile acids	g Acetic acid/L	13.1	1.8–29.5	8.7 ± 10.7
Alkalinity	g /L	nd	1.3–57.0	16.9 ± 21.7

nd = not detected.