Current Nucleic Acid Extraction Methods and Their Implications to Point-of-Care Diagnostics

Table 4

Examples of commercially available kits applying each extraction method and typical yields for distinct samples.

Method	Commercial availability	Sample origin	Typical yield	Reference
GSCN-phenol-chloroform extraction	TRIzol reagent (e.g.,, Invitrogen)	Mammalian cells (10^6 cells)	Epithelial cells, 8–15 µg; fibroblasts, 5–7 µg.	[65]
Alkaline extraction	Plasmid Maxi Kit (e.g., Qiagen)	Cultured bacteria (2.5 L)	Up to 500 µg of plasmid DNA	[66–68]
CTAB	NucleoSpin 8 Plant and NucleoSpin 96 Plant II (e.g., Clontech)	Plant material 20–100 mg plant tissue (wet weight)	1–30 µg	[69, 70]
Silica matrices	QIAamp DNA mini kit (e.g., Qiagen)	Blood (200 µl), buffy coat (200 µl) or 10^6 cells	4–12 µg DNA (blood); 25–50 µg DNA (buffy coat); 15–20 µg DNA (cells)	[71, 72]
Magnetic bead	Agencourt DNAdvance Kit (e.g., Beckman Coulter)	Mammalian tissues (25 mg of sample)	18–35 µg DNA	[73]
Anion exchange material	PureLink® HiPure Plasmid DNA Purification Kits (e.g., Invitrogen)	Culture bacteria: midipreps (15–25 mL) or maxiprep (up to 200 mL)	350 µg for midipreps; 850 µg for maxipreps	[74]
Diatomaceous Earth	Quantum Prep Plasmid Purification Kits (e.g., Bio-Rad)	Culture bacteria (1-2 mL liquid culture)	Up to 40 µg	[75]
Cellulose matrix	FTA cards (e.g., Whatman)	8 × 2 mm punches	1–5 µg (plant); 1–3 µg (dried blood spots)	[61–63, 76, 77]