Household Financial Burden and Poverty Impacts of Cancer Treatment in Vietnam
Table 1
Patterns of household out-of-pocket payments and financial burdens for cancer treatments.
Subgroup
Total household out of pocket, million VND
Rate of catastrophe expenditure (using different cut-off points), %
Rate of impoverishment, %
Mean
Median
SD
Gender
Male
46.206
33.65
66.772
79.8
71.6
65.6
56.8
33.5
Female
42.848
33.35
43.518
83.7
74.6
64.3
56.9
39
Age group
<44
39.871
30
42.84
82.6
69.7
57.5
48.1
31.4
44–60
47.966
36.65
58.879
84.9
77.3
69.7
63.2
40.5
>60
38.058
30.39
37.504
76.8
69.5
60.6
51.6
37
Education level
No school
40.688
25.6
69.24
82.1
76.9
66.7
59
41
Primary school
41.648
29.127
78.525
85.5
77
69.4
60.9
38.3
Secondary/high school
43.279
34
38.455
82.8
74.7
66.7
59.3
39.3
Vocational school
59.184
50.6
56.787
84.8
78.8
66.7
57.6
27.3
College/university
46.563
36.325
40.645
77
63
49.1
40.6
29.7
Working status
Do not have paid work
42.404
31.27
56.289
81.4
73.6
65.5
58.9
38.4
Have paid work
46.232
37.2
41.442
84.5
73.8
63.3
53.3
35.7
Health insurance status
Do not have health insurance
44.37
34.086
40.042
86.4
78.4
70.4
64.1
42.9
Have health insurance
43.634
33
54.586
81.3
72.1
62.8
54.4
35.6
Household income level
<100% of mean national income
42.942
28.26
81.72
95.9
94.7
92.4
90.6
21.8
100%–200% of mean national income
46.1
38.5
38.738
96.7
92.3
89.2
83.3
73.3
>200% of mean national income
40.888
34.41
31.513
68.1
52.3
34.4
22.9
10.3
Cancer site location
At hematological/blood system
28.533
19.925
23.966
59.1
50
40.9
27.3
13.6
At respiratory system
43.404
36
43.524
79.1
73.3
63.4
56
39.3
At digestive system
41.951
32.95
37.096
81.1
69.9
63.1
54.4
29.1
At reproductive system
40.558
32
37.037
84.9
76.8
68.1
58.4
37.8
Breast cancer
52.845
41.5
55.29
89.3
82.2
71.8
66.3
49.2
Other cancer
37.457
25
69.969
78.1
65.8
57
48.7
29.4
Cancer grade
Cancer grade I
42.577
31.5
35.513
84
74.1
65.4
59.3
37
Cancer grade II
52.464
37.56
66.386
89.6
83.2
72.8
64.9
43.6
Cancer grade III
41.823
33
48.098
80.8
71.4
62.7
54.8
36
Type of treatment
Surgery alone
28.236
20
40.612
76.5
62.7
53.6
43.1
25.5
Nonsurgery
43.347
35
63.233
78.6
70.5
62.4
55.8
35.3
Multiple
86.1
78
68.5
60.7
41.4
Overall (n, %)
43.818
33.35
51.322
848 (82.6)
766 (73.7)
701 (64.7)
616(56.9)
406 (37.4)
expenditure if total medical expenditures equal or exceed 20%/30%/40%/50% of total household income, respectively. treatments include chemotherapy or radiotherapy or hormonal therapy or biopharmaceutical therapy alone. treatments include both surgery and nonsurgery treatments.
