Oxidation Resistance of the Sulfur Amino Acids: Methionine and Cysteine

Figure 1

MET, methionine; Hcy, homocysteine; SAM, S-adenosylmethionine; SAH, S-adenosylhomocysteine; Ser, serine; Cys, cysteine; Cysta, cystathionine; 3MP, 3-mercaptopyruvate; H₂S, hydrogen sulfide; γ-Glucys, γ-glutamylcysteine; GSH, glutathione; GSSG, glutathione disulfide; LOOH, lipid hydroperoxide; (1) methionine adenosyltransferase; (2) DNA methyltransferase; (3) S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase; (4) methionine synthase; (5) cystathionine β-synthase; (6) cystathionine γ-lyase; (7) cationic amino acid transporters; (8) γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase; (9) glutathione synthetase; (10) γ-glutamyl transpeptidase; (11) dipeptidase; (12) glutathione peroxidase; (13) glutathione reductase; (14) cysteine dioxygenase; (15) cysteine sulfinate decarboxylase.