|
| Dose regimen | Effect and ratio (treatment/control) | Reference |
| Danshen | Daily dose (mg/day) | Victim drug |
|
| Four Danshen extract tablets (each tablet contained an extract of 1 g Danshen), p.o., three times daily for 14 days (days 2–15) | Cryptotanshinone,
tanshinone,
tanshinone IIA,
tanshinol,
protocatechuic acid,
salvianolic acid B | 3.0
6.0
4.2
19.2
2.4
156 | A single oral dose of theophylline at 100 mg on days 1 and 15. | No effect | [65] |
| Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate injections, i.v., 60 mg/day for 13 days | | | Baseline and a single oral dose of caffeine at 100 mg on day 13 after injection of placebo or sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate. | CYP1A2 activity (ratio of paraxanthine to caffeine at 6 h in plasma) ratio 1.41;
caffeine AUC ratio 0.87, paraxanthine AUC ratio 1.17 | [66] |
| Four Danshen extract tablets (each tablet contained an extract of 1 g Danshen), p.o., three times daily for 14 days (days 2–15) | Cryptotanshinone
tanshinone I,
tanshinone IIA,
protocatechuic aldehyde,
tanshinol,
salvianolic acid B | 3.12
6.0
4.44
8.04
20.4
162 | A single oral dose of midazolam at 15 mg on days 1 and 16. | Midazolam AUC ratio 0.74, ratio 0.69, CL/F ratio 1.35.
No effect on and AUC ratios of midazolam to 1-hydroxymidazolam | [67] |
| Ethanol extract of Danshen at 1 g, p.o., a single dose | Tanshinone IIA,
cryptotanshinone,
tanshinone I,
dihydrotanshinone I | 106.2
88.0
53.1
13.5 | Baseline and a single oral dose of midazolam at 15 mg 0.5 h after administration of 1 g Danshen extract. | Midazolam ratio 1.87;
1-hydroxymidazolam ratio 1.68 | [33] |
| Ethanol extract of Danshen at 1 g, p.o., three times a day for 10 days (days 2–11) | Tanshinone IIA,
cryptotanshinone,
tanshinone I,
dihydrotanshinone I | 318.6
264.0
159.3
40.5 | A single oral dose of midazolam at 15 mg of on days 1 and 12 (0.5 h after administration of 1 g Danshen extract). | Midazolam ratio 0.20, ratio 0.34, and ratio 0.56, CL/F ratio 6.0; 1-hydroxymidazolam ratio 0.55;
/ ratio 3.0 |
| T89 (225 mg, twice daily, p.o.) and warfarin were given simultaneously for one-week after reaching warfarin steady state | | | Warfarin dose to maintain international normalized ratio at 1.3–1.9 was selected. | T89 has no effect on the steady‐state PK of warfarin | [68] |
| Ethanol extract of Danshen at 1 g, p.o., three times a day for 10 days (days 2–11) | Tanshinone IIA,
cryptotanshinone,
tanshinone I | 318.6
264.0
159.3 | A single oral dose of fexofenadine at 60 mg on days 1 and 12. | ratio 0.65, ratio 0.55, CL/F ratio 2.11.
Induction of intestinal P-glycoprotein | [62] |
|
