The Influence of Formulation and Excipients on Propranolol Skin Permeation and Retention
Table 2
Propranolol permeation parameters across isolated epidermis from porcine skin, intact and partially tape stripped (10 times). All formulation contained 10 mg/ml of drug (mean values±sd).
Intact skin
Formulation
Flux (μg cm−2 h−1)
Permeability coefficient (cm h−1)105
Lag time(h)
Ointment1
0.34±0.07
nc
4.32±0.62
Ointment2
0.20±0.08
nc
5.08±1.14
Cream1
0.82±0.10
8.16±0.96
1.03±0.8
Cream2
0.55±0.31
5.51±3.11
3.18±1.0
Gel
1.74±0.73
17.42±7.34
4.16±2.88
Partially stripped skin
Formulation
Flux (μg cm−2 h−1)
Permeability coefficient (cm h−1)105
Lag time(h)
Ointment1
0.26±0.08
nc
1.79±2.11
Ointment2
0.39±0.09
nc
1.06±0.82
Cream1
0.65±0.32
6.55±3.22
2.79±1.62
Cream2
nd
nd
nd
Gel
1.13±0.26
11.29±2.57
4.56±1.09
nd: not determined. nc: not calculable. Difference between intact and stripped skin: .