|
| Risk factors | rodents | humans |
|
| Race, strain | Some strains are more susceptible than others
(see Tables 3 and 4) | African-Americans have high risk than Caucasians [154] |
|
| Age | Aging rats and mice are more susceptible [149, 155] | Incidence increases with age [18, 156] |
|
| Hydration | Hydration reduces nephrotoxicity and mortality
[133, 152] | Hydration is used to prevent cisplatin nephrotoxicity [157] |
|
| Mg supplementation | Increased risk in case of dietary Mg-depletion [158], or reduced intestinal Mg absorption [159], or decreased dietary level of Selenium [160] | Magnesium supplementation is used to prevent cisplatin nephrotoxicity [157] |
|
| Circadian rhythms | Reduced risk when injected in the middle of the dark period (when the urinary volume is maximal). Difference in survival can be 8-fold and in BUN levels 1.6-fold [152, 161] | ? |
|
| Dose | High doses of cisplatin increase the risk (see Tables 3 and 4) | High doses of cisplatin (↑50 mg/m2) increase the risk [28] |
|
| Frequency | Renal injury is more likely when cisplatin is administered at repetitively close time intervals (daily vs weekly vs 3-week interval). | Renal injury is much more likely when cisplatin is administered at repetitively close time intervals [28] |
|
| Long-term administration | Nephrotoxicity worsens with the time and repeated long-term treatment [29, 110] | Nephrotoxicity worsens with the time and repeated long-term treatment [18] |
|
| BUN, Cr, GFR | Unspecific and insensitive
A need for better markers | Unspecific and insensitive [17]
A need for better markers |
|
| Extra-renal toxicity | Similar to humans (see Table 5) | Gastrointestinal toxicity, myelosuppression, ototoxicity, neuropathy, nephrotoxicity, vascular injury [130] |
|
