Relationship between High Temperature and Formation of Chalkiness and Their Effects on Quality of Rice

Figure 4

Proposed approach for mitigating heat stress damage in plant. (1) Oxidative stresses from higher temperature. (2) Reactive oxygen species production. (3) Heat stress signal transduction in the plant and change in metabolic activity and genes expression. (4) Plant response to heat stress. (5) Heat stress tolerance via the natural metabolic defense. (6) Defect in HS tolerance and chalkiness formation. Heat stress tolerance via heat tolerance genes pyramiding. Stress tolerance and less chalky grain formation. Heat stress effect on plant fertility and yield reduction. Heat stress on plant water content. Water lost and grain filling rate (GFR) reduction. Effect of GFR on grain yield. Effect of GFR on chalkiness formation in rice. Yellow lines indicated detrimental effect of HS on the rice plant with weak tolerance. Green lines showed tolerance for the HS from strengthened metabolic defense. Black lines indicate the detrimental action of ROS and transcriptional responsiveness of the plant.