Effect of Electromagnetic Waves from Mobile Phones on Spermatogenesis in the Era of 4G-LTE

Table 2

Semen parameters according to electromagnetic field exposure level.

	Group 1 (Sham procedure)	Group 2 (3 cm, 6 h/d)	Group 3 (10 cm, 18 h/d)	Group 4 (3 cm, 18 h/d)	-value
Hemocytometer
Spermatid count (mean ± SD), ×10^6
Histopathologic (mean ± SD)
Count of Seminiferous tubule, ×100
Spermatogonia					<0.001
Spermatocyte
Spermatid
Sum of germ cell
Leydig cell, ×400					<0.001
Johnsen’s biopsy score

Hemocytometer view was calculated by hemocytometer in specimen which obtained by semen samples were collected from the left caudal epididymis; Histopathologic view was calculated by light microscope after H-E stain by uro-pathologist.