Antimicrobial Activity of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles on Opportunistic Microorganisms: A Systematic Review

Table 3

Recent studies of antimicrobial activity of CeNP against Escherichia coli.

Strain of E. coli	Concentration; (mg/mL)	Microbiological technique	Result
RR1	1.0	CFU count	Complete inhibition	[28]
RR1	0.240	CFU count	2% survival	[29]
	-	Fluorescence	Toxicity of approximately 10 ppm with 60% survival
ATCC 700926	5.0	Agar diffusion	Particle A: <1 mm; Particle B: ~3.5 mm; Particle C: ~1.8 mm; Particle D: ~1 mm	[11]
	0.05; 0.1 and 0.15	Fluorescence	Particle A: between 80 and 90% of viability; Particle B: between 35 and 46% of viable cells; Particle C: between 60 and 70 percent viable cells; Particle D: ~80% of viable cells
	0.1	Counting CFU/mL	~1 × 10^9 for groups and controls
UCM B-930	0.017	CFU count	1.92 ± 0.07 1 g CFU/mL	[7]
	0.17		1.11 ± 0.02 1 g CFU/mL
	1.72		There was no significant sensitivity
Clinical urinary tract infection	0.05	Agar diffusion	9.00 ± 0.39 mm	[35]
	-	Broth microdilution	MIC = MBC = 20 µg/mL
ATCC 25922	3.0	Agar diffusion	0.0 mm	[16]
	3.0 mg/mL sonicated and pH 7		9 mm
	3.0 mg/mL sonicated and pH 7 + Tween 80		15 mm
	3.0 mg/mL sonicated and pH 7 + polyvinyl pyrrolidone		14 mm
	3.0 mg/mL sonicated and pH 7 + Triton-X114		13 mm
	CeNP with surfactant Tween-80, the 0.001%	Diluted in broth	MIC = 0.15 mg/mL
	Without surfactant		MIC = 3 mg/mL
Ni	Ni (5 mL of colloidal solution)	Agar diffusion	9 mm	[13]
KACC 10005	-	Diluted in broth	16 µg/mL	[18]
Ni	1.0	Agar diffusion	0.0 mm	[20]
	5.0		3.33 ± 0.33 mm
	10.0		6.33 ± 0.33 mm
Ni	10 mg	Agar diffusion	0.0 mm	[21]
	50 mg		~2.60 mm
	100 mg		4.0 mm
ATCC 25922	-	Macrodilution	50 ± 10 µg/mL (planktonic culture); 90 ± 40 µg/mL (biofilm)	[34]
NCIM-5051	10 (500 μg/50 μL)	Agar diffusion	2.67 ± 0.33	[22]
	10 (1000 μg/100 μL)		4.67 ± 0.33
ATCC 8739	0.17	CFU count	~30% of survival	[23]
	0.34		~5% survival
Clinical strain	Ni; (25 µL of solution)	Agar diffusion	7 mm	[14]

/disc; Ni: not identified in the paper; CFU/mL: colony-forming unit per milliliter; MIC: minimum inhibitory concentration; MBC: minimum bactericidal concentration; in chronological order. Source: original source.