Antimicrobial Activity of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles on Opportunistic Microorganisms: A Systematic Review

Table 5

Recent studies of CeNP antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis.

Strain of; B. subtilis	Concentration; (mg/mL)	Microbiological technique	Result
ATCC 6633	5.0	Agar diffusion	Particle A: ~3.2 mm; Particle B: <1 mm; Particle C: ~2 mm; Particle D: ~3 mm	[11]
	0.05; 0.1; 0.15	Fluorescence	Particle A: between 40 and 65% of viable cells; Particle B: between 80 and 90% of viable cells; Particle C: between 60 and 80% viable cells; Particle D: between 45 and 65% of viable cells
	0.1	Counting CFU/mL	Between 10^8 and 10^9 for experimental groups and 10^9 for control
KACC 14394	-	Broth microdilution	4 µg/mL	[18]
Ni	1	Agar diffusion	0.0 mm	[20]
	5		4.67 ± 0.33 mm
	10		10.33 ± 0.33 mm
ATCC 6633	0.17	CFU count	~40% of survival	[23]
	0.34		~12% of survival

Ni: not identified in the paper; CFU: colony forming unit; in chronological order. Source: original source.