Alternative and Natural Therapies for Acute Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Table 1

Natural products that decrease inflammation through NF-κB pathway.

Natural product	Isolation	Study performed
Curcumin	Root of plant Curcuma longa	BMDM,; mice [19, 20]
Ginsenoside Rg5	Rhizome of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer	Macrophage,; mice [21]
Alpinetin	Roots of Alpinia Katsumadai Hayata	RAW 264.7,; mice [22]
PCA	Major benzoic acid derivative found in vegetables, nuts, brown rice, fruits, and herbal medicines	Mice [23]
LicoA	Flavonoid found in licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra)	RAW 264.7,; mice [24]
Rosmarinic acid	Herbal plants including rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), oregano (Origanum vulgare), and spearmint  (Mentha spicata)	Mice [25]
HYSA	Chinese herbal medication, Carthamus Tinctorius L. (safflower)	Mice [26, 27]
Linalool	Component of essential oils in several aromatic plants	RAW 264.7,; mice [28]
PA	Pogostemon cablin	Mice [29]
Shikonin	Napthoquinone pigment extracted from root of Lithospermum erythrorhizon	Mice [30]

BMDM, bone marrow-derived macrophage; HYSA, hydroxysafflor yellow A; LicoA, licochalcone A; PA, patchouli alcohol; PCA, protocatechuic acid; RAW 264.7, mice macrophage cell line.