Research Article

Design of Embedded System for Multivariate Classification of Finger and Thumb Movements Using EEG Signals for Control of Upper Limb Prosthesis

Table 1

Examples of research for prosthesis or cursor control using motor imagery.

IndexYearResearchProtocolAccuracyDevice Control

12011“Real-time control of a prosthetic hand using human electrocorticography signals” [4]ECoG of three movements of left hand (grasping motion, hand opening motion, scissor type motion)69.2%Prosthesis control

22008“Control of an electrical prosthesis with an SSVEP-based BCI” [5]Steady-state visual evoked potentialsBetween 44% and 88% of four patientsControl of two-axes electrical hand prosthesis

32012“Target Selection with Hybrid Feature for BCI-Based 2-D Cursor Control” [6]Hybrid feature from motor imagery and the P300 potential. Target selection by focusing and direction control by left-right hand motor imagery.93.99%Online control of cursor on a monitor screen

42013“Quadcopter control in three-dimensional space using a noninvasive motor imagery-based brain–computer interface” [7]Motor Imagery of left or right hand movement for 1D cursor movement left and right.
For 2D movement move cursor up by imagining squeezing or curling both hands and to move the cursor down through the use of a volitional rest.
Between 69.1% and 90.5% for 5 subjectsQuadcopter control

52014“Simultaneous Neural Control of Simple Reaching and Grasping with the Modular Prosthetic Limb Using Intracranial EEG” [8]Intracranial electroencephalographic (iEEG) signals of subject who made reaching and grasping movements to identify task-selective electrodesIndependently executed overt reach and grasp movements for (Subject 1, Subject 2) were (0.85, 0.81) and (0.80, 0.96), respectively, during simultaneous execution they were (0.83, 0.88) and (0.58, 0.88), respectivelyDexterous robotic prosthetic arm

62009“Decoding human motor activity from EEG single trials for a discrete two-dimensional cursor control” [9]Four motor tasks (sustain or cease to move right or left hand)Average accuracy of 85.5 ± 4.65% with physical motor movement2D cursor movement