Association of Impaired Vascular Endothelial Function with Increased Cardiovascular Risk in Asymptomatic Adults
Table 1
Characteristics of study participants by categories of estimated 10-year CVD risk.
Characteristic
Overall (n=680)
Categories of estimated 10-year CVD risk
P
low risk (n=238)
moderate risk (n=327)
high risk (n=115)
Age (years)
54.4 (0.4)
45.9 (0.5)
57.3 (0.4)
63.8 (0.7)
<0.001
Male (%)
33.8 (1.8)
12.2 (2.1)
35.5 (2.6)
73.9 (4.1)
<0.001
Ethnicity, Han (%)
19.3 (1.5)
20.2 (2.6)
16.5 (2.0)
25.2 (4.1)
0.11
High school education (%)
11.0 (1.2)
17.2 (2.4)
8.2 (1.5)
6.1 (2.2)
0.001
BMI (kg/m2)
23.0 (0.1)
23.0 (0.2)
23.0 (0.2)
23.3 (0.3)
0.55
Current smoking (%)
15.3 (1.4)
3.4 (1.2)
12.2 (1.8)
48.7 (4.7)
<0.001
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)
206.5 (1.9)
190.5 (2.4)
210.2 (2.2)
229.0 (7.3)
<0.001
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)
113.5 (1.4)
103.7 (1.8)
116.3 (1.8)
126.1 (5.2)
<0.001
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)
56.1 (0.5)
57.5 (0.9)
56.4 (0.8)
52.3 (1.4)
0.005
Triglycerides (mg/dL)
107.8 (102.8, 113.1)
86.6 (81.0, 92.6)
114.6 (107.2, 122.5)
142.8 (124.7, 163.6)
<0.001
Serum glucose (mmol/L)
5.7 (0.04)
5.4 (0.03)
5.8 (0.05)
6.2 (0.18)
<0.001
C-reactive protein (mg/L)
8.8 (8.4, 9.3)
7.6 (7.2, 8.2)
9.3 (8.7, 10.0)
10.3 (8.9, 11.9)
<0.001
eGFR (mL/minute per 1.73 m2)
105.7 (0.6)
115.1 (0.8)
102.7 (0.7)
94.4 (1.6)
<0.001
Dyslipidaemia (%)
62.2 (1.9)
47.5 (3.2)
67.0 (2.6)
79.1 (3.8)
<0.001
Hypertension (%)
42.4 (1.9)
9.7 (1.9)
53.8 (2.8)
77.4 (3.9)
<0.001
Dysglycaemia (%)
21.2 (1.6)
11.3 (2.1)
24.2 (2.4)
33.0 (4.4)
<0.001
Heart rate (beat per minute)
70.0 (0.4)
70.4 (0.6)
69.4 (0.6)
70.9 (1.2)
0.31
Baseline brachial artery diameter (mm)
3.9 (0.02)
3.7 (0.03)
3.9 (0.03)
4.2 (0.05)
<0.001
Brachial FMD (%)
8.2 (7.9, 8.6)
9.2 (8.7, 9.8)
8.1 (7.7, 8.6)
6.7 (6.0, 7.4)
<0.001
Estimated 10-year CVD risk (%)
8.3 (7.8, 9.0)
2.9 (2.7, 3.1)
11.0 (10.6, 11.4)
32.6 (30.5, 34.9)
Abbreviations: CVD, cardiovascular disease; BMI, body mass index; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; FMD, flow-mediated dilation. One-way analysis of variance, Pearson’s chi-square, or Kruskal-Wallis test for differences across categories of estimated 10-year CVD risk. Geometric means (95% confidence interval). Values in other results are percentages (standard errors) for categorical variables or means (standard errors) for continuous variables unless otherwise indicated.
