|
| Commercialized vaccines |
|
| Trade name/licensed | Antigens/adjuvants | Efficacy in field studies [references] |
|
| CaniLeish®/Virbac | Excreted-secreted proteins of L. infantum (LiESP)/QA21 | 68.4% [82] |
| Leish-Tech®/Hertape Calier | Recombinant protein A2 of L. donovani/Saponin | 71.4% [83] |
| Leishmune®/Zoetis (marketing temporarily suspended) | Fucose-Mannose Ligand (FML) of L. donovani/QS21 | 76–80% [84] |
| LetiFend®/Leti + MSD-Animal Health | Recombinant Protein Q from L. infantum/None | [85] |
|
| Commercialized topical insecticides |
|
| Trade name/licensed | Pharmaceutical compounds/application Form/duration | Efficacy in field studies [references] |
|
| Scalibor®/MSD-Animal Health | 4% deltamethrin/impregnated PVC collar/4–6 months | 50–86%; 61.8% [86, 87] |
| Seresto®/Bayer Animal Health | 10% imidacloprid + 4.5% flumethrin/impregnated PVC collar/8 months | 88.3% [86] |
| Advantix®/Bayer Animal Health | 10% imidacloprid + 50% permethrin/spot-on/3 weeks | 88.9–90.4% [88] |
| Exspot®/MSD-Animal Health | 65% permethrin/spot-on/2-3 weeks | 84% [89] |
| Frontect® or Frontline Tri-Act®/Merial | 6.76% fipronil + 50.48% permethrin/spot-on/3 weeks | 100% [90] |
| Effitix® or Fiprotix® or Fipratix®/Virbac | 6.1% fipronil + 54.5% permethrin/spot-on/4 weeks | - |
| Perfikan®/Clément Thékan | 6.1% fipronil + 54.5% permethrin/spot-on/4 weeks | - |
| Caniguard Line On®/Beaphar | 40% permethrin/spot-on/5 weeks | - |
| Vectra 3D®/Ceva | 4.95% dinotefuran + 36.08% permethrin + 0.44% pyriproxyfen/spot-on/4 weeks | - |
|
| Drugs and combinations used [43, 91] |
|
| Active ingredient | Therapeutic protocols | Potential adverse effects |
|
| Allopurinol | 10 mg/kg BID P.O. for at least 6–12 months or lifelong | Xanthine urolithiasis |
| Amphotericin B deoxycholate | 0.5 mg/kg I.V. twice per week for 2 months | Nephrotoxicity |
| Meglumine antimoniate | 75–100 mg/kg SID S.C. or 40–75 mg/kg SID S.C. for 4 weeks | Nephrotoxicity |
| Miltefosine | 2 mg/kg SID P.O. for 28 days | Digestive disorders |
| Allopurinol + meglumine antimoniate | 10 mg/kg BID P.O. for 12 months; 100 mg/kg SID S.C. for 4 weeks | Urolithiasis and nephrotoxicity |
| Allopurinol + miltefosine | 10 mg/kg BID P.O. for 12 months; 2 mg/kg SID P.O. for 28 days | Urolithiasis and digestive disorders |
|
