Do Mothers with Lower Socioeconomic Status Contribute to the Rate of All-Cause Child Mortality in Kazakhstan?

Table 3

Bivariate association between child mortality and maternal socioeconomic status.

Variables	Experienced child death		-value
	No	Yes
Age			.0001
15–19	0.6%	1.1
20–24	8.6%	1.6%
25–29	18.1%	8.5%
30–34	19.2%	13.3%
35–39	18.6%	18.4%
40–44	18.4%	25.5%
45–49	16.4%	31.6%
Residency
Urban	60.8%	38.1%	.0001
Rural	39.2%	61.9%
Educational attainment
Lower secondary	5.3%	9.0%	.0001
Upper secondary	22.3%	35.1%
Technical and professional	35.0%	33.3%
Higher	37.4%	22.6%
Wealth status
Poorest	17.4%	30.4%	.0001
Second	16.3%	25.5%
Middle	20.6%	20.7%
Fourth	21.7%	13.9%
Richest	24.0%	9.5%
Ethnicity
Kazakh	65.1%	71.6%	.001
Russian	23.0%	15.5%
Other ethnic groups	12.0%	12.8%
Frequency of reading newspaper/magazine
Almost every day	12.3%	12.8%	.978
At least once a week	41.4%	41.5%
Less than once a week	23.8%	23.7%
Not at all	22.5%	22.0%
Frequency of listening to radio			.002
Almost every day	13.1%	11.4%
At least once a week	12.0%	9.1%
Less than once a week	9.8%	6.9%
Not at all	65.2%	72.6%
Ever had aborted pregnancy
Yes	27.5%	34.6%	.001
No	72.5%	65.4%