Role of the CHADS₂ Score in the Evaluation of Carotid Atherosclerosis in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Undergoing Carotid Artery Ultrasonography

Table 3

Comparison of carotid ultrasound indices and VVI indices between the AF groups (grouped according to the CHADS₂ score).

	score = 0; (n = 38)	Score = 1; (n = 42)	score ≥2; (n = 29)
Plaque index	0.78±1.03	1.46±1.57	1.52±1.48
Mean IMT (mm)	0.60±0.12	0.62±0.10	0.67±0.1
Max IMT (mm)	0.75±0.14	0.80±0.12	0.86±0.1
Ds (cm)	0.72±0.17	0.77±0.11	0.77±0.11
Dd (cm)	0.68±0.17	0.72±0.10	0.71±0.10
Ep (kPa)	887.81±854.52	1027.38±441.45	1017.86±574.22
	12.25±14.20	12.58±5.64	12.42±6.88
DC (mmHg-1×10^−2	0.14±0.06	0.12±0.06	0.16±0.14
AC (mm2/kPa)	2.19±0.95	3.84±3.0	3.80±3.1
β	9.26±10.21	9.39±4.14	9.25±4.93
Vs (cm/s)	0.51±0.16	0.48±0.19	0.42±0.1
Vd (cm/s)	0.26±0.07	0.23±0.09	0.21±0.0
Vm (cm/s)	0.39±0.11	0.35±0.13	0.32±0.1
RI	0.48±0.07	0.51±0.11	0.48±0.12
PI	0.63±0.12	0.60±0.21	0.65±0.21
Long Pv S (cm/s)	0.25±0.17	0.31±0.21	0.25±0.19
Long Pv D (cm/s)	0.18±0.10	0.21±0.13	0.22±0.14
Long Ps S (%)	2.58±1.86	3.65±2.74	2.62±2.58
Long Ps D (%)	3.94±2.21	5.05±3.19	4.49±3.25
Long Psr S (1/s)	0.57±0.34	0.72±0.47	0.58±0.50
Long Psr D (1/s)	0.43±0.25	0.52±0.32	0.47±0.32
Long Pd S (mm)	0.10±0.09	0.14±0.09	0.16±
Long Pd D (mm)	0.17±0.12	0.23±0.16	0.16±0.10
tLoD (mm)	0.27±0.17	0.38±0.21	0.32±0.20
Ra Pv S (cm/s)	0.17±0.16	0.19±0.19	0.13±0.12
Ra Pv D (cm/s)	0.10±0.08	0.10±0.06	0.13±0.12
Ra Pd S (mm)	0.05±0.04	0.07±0.06	0.07±0.06
Ra Pd D (mm)	0.11±0.09	0.11±0.08	0.10±0.08

Note: compared with the low-risk group (score = 0), < 0.05; < 0.01; < 0.001.
IMT, intima media thickness; VVI, velocity vector imaging; AC, arterial compliance; Ds, systolic diameter; Dd, diastolic diameter; Ep, pressure strain elastic modulus; DC, distensibility coefficient; β, stiffness index; Vs, systolic peak velocity; Vd, diastolic peak velocity; Vm, mean velocity; Long Pv S, systolic longitudinal peak velocity; Long Pv D, diastolic longitudinal peak velocity; Long Ps S, systolic longitudinal peak strain; Long Ps D, diastolic longitudinal peak strain; Long Psr S, systolic longitudinal peak strain rate; Long Psr D, diastolic longitudinal peak strain rate; Long Pd S, systolic longitudinal peak displacement; Long Pd D, diastolic longitudinal peak displacement; Ra Pv S, systolic radial peak velocity; Ra Pv D, diastolic radial peak velocity; Ra Pd S, systolic radial peak displacement; Ra Pd D, diastolic radial peak displacement; tLoD, total longitudinal displacement.