Effect of Different Morphology of Titanium Surface on the Bone Healing in Defects Filled Only with Blood Clot: A New Animal Study Design

Table 1

Mean and standard deviation of the surface groups profilometry (in μm).

Rugosity parameters	Z	Rq	Ra	Rz
Group A	0.91 ± 0.11	0.15 ± 0.01	0.12 ± 0.02	0.94 ± 0.10
Group B	1.96 ± 0.13	0.42 ± 0.06	0.29 ± 0.03	1.26 ± 0.09
Group C	3.84 ± 1.18	0.93 ± 0.07	0.70 ± 0.05	3.12 ± 0.91
Group D	2.93 ± 1.02	0.82 ± 0.19	0.56 ± 0.10	2.59 ± 0.89

Z indicates longest distance recorded between the peak and the valley, high variation of the valleys; Ra, arithmetic average of the absolute values of all profile points; Rq, the root-mean square of the values of all points; Rz, the average value of the absolute heights of the 5 highest peaks and the depths of the 5 deepest valleys.