Research Article

Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Diabetes Mellitus Patients in China: Seroprevalence, Risk Factors, and Case-Control Studies

Table 3

Seroprevalence of T. gondii infection by sociodemographic factors in gestational diabetes (GDM) patients and controls in eastern China.

CharacteristicGDM (N=400)Controls (N=400)GDM
vs.
Prevalence of T. gondii infectionPrevalence of T. gondii infectionControls
No. testedNo. positive%P-valueNo. testedNo. positive%P-valueP-value

Age
 ≤ 301853518.920.0432012612.940.0170.107
 31-401843820.65711926.760.294
 >40311238.7128310.710.014
Region
 Shandong2395924.690.0792393213.390.4510.002
 Jilin65812.3165812.311.00
 Heilongjiang951818.959588.420.035
Area of residence
 Urban2024522.280.6122452510.200.1650.001
 Rural1984020.201552314.840.192
Employment
 Unemployed1262419.050.081981515.310.4700.464
 Employed part-time1433927.271972010.15<0.001
 Employed full-time1312216.791051312.380.343
Obesity and overweight
 Yes791518.990.58211797.690.0860.018
 No3217021.812833913.780.011
Keeping cats at home
 Yes401230.000.1354748.510.4330.010
 No3607320.283534412.460.005
Consumption of raw/undercooked meat
 Yes331236.360.0277756.490.098<0.001
 No3677319.893234313.310.021
Consumption of oyster
 Raw843035.71<0.0011531811.760.909<0.001
 Boiled3165517.412473012.150.084
Consumption of fish
 Raw1374230.66<0.0011581710.760.086<0.001
 Boiled2634316.352424116.940.858
Consumption of raw vegetables and fruits
 Yes2826422.700.2752993712.370.6920.001
 No1182117.801011110.890.149
Exposure to soil
 Yes2334720.170.5342543413.390.2610.045
 No1673822.75146149.590.002
Gardening or agricultural activities
 Yes2575220.230.5052633513.310.2650.034
 No1433323.08137139.490.002
Washing hands before meals
 Yes2665420.300.5133023812.580.5290.013
 No1343123.13981010.200.011
Source of drinking water
 Spring/well781417.950.840661522.730.0030.476
 Tap3226118.9433433 9.88<0.001
Total4008521.254004812.00<0.001