Magnitude of Neural Tube Defects and Associated Risk Factors at Three Teaching Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Table 2

Obstetric histories of the study participants, Addis Ababa University Teaching Hospitals, Ethiopia, February 1 to August 30, 2016 .

Variables	Case (%)	Control (%)	value
Previous history of abortion			0.198
Yes	21 (18.9)	56 (25.2)
No	90 (81.1)	166 (74.8)
Parity (mean ± SD)	1.2 (±1.1)	1.9 (±1.1)	0.289
Nulliparous	33 (29.7)	0 (0)
Prim parous	45 (40.5)	105 (47.3)
Multiparous	33 (29.7)	117 (52.7)
END history			0.042
Yes	7 (6.3)	4 (1.8)
No	104 (93.7)	218 (98.2)
Stillbirth history			0.364
Yes	2 (1.8)	8 (3.6)
No	109 (98.2)	214 (96.4)
Congenital anomaly birth History			0.820
Yes	3 (2.7%)	7 (3.2)
No	108 (97.3)	215 (96.8)
Types of congenital anomaly
Cardiac	0 (0)	2 (28.6)
NTDs	3 (100)	5 (71.4)
Preconception folic acid supplementation			0.033
Yes	0 (0)	6 (85.7)
No	3 (100)	1 (14.3)
Number of index Pregnancy			0.334
Singleton	108 (97.3)	211 (95)
Twin	3 (2.7)	11 (5)
Sex			0.074
Male	52 (46.8)	127 (57.2)
Female	59 (53.2)	95 (42.8)
ANC initiation time			0.003
1st trimester	46 (41.4)	127 (57.2)
2nd trimester	63 (56.8)	83 (37.4)
3rd trimester	2 (1.8)	12 (5.4)
Place of ANC			0.014
Private	10 (9)	17 (7.7)
clinic/hospital
Health center	93 (83.8)	158 (71.2)
Public hospitals	7 (6.3)	44 (19.8)
No ANC	1(.9)	3 (1.4)

Early neonatal death. Antenatal care. Neural tube defects.