Evaluation of Tyrosinase Inhibitory, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Antiaging Activities of Magnolia officinalis Extracts after Aspergillus niger Fermentation

Table 2

Phenolic composition and content (μg/g-extract) in Magnolia officinalis extracts or fermented extracts. These M. officinalis extracts were extracted using methanol.

	Unfermented extract	Fermented extract
Apigenin	94 ± 1.03	130 ± 0.77
Caffeic acid	108 ± 1.02	148 ± 1.74
Chlorogenic acid	24 ± 0.19	67 ± 0.22
Catechin	nd	45 ± 0.13
Ferulic acid	nd	36 ± 0.21
Luteolin	57 ± 0.33	66 ± 0.27
Magnolol	187 ± 0.88	312 ± 1.16
Honokiol	264 ± 1.53	317 ± 1.18
Eucalyptol	135 ± 1.15	65 ± 0.35
Magnocurarine	87 ± 0.25	88 ± 0.32
Quercetin	56 ± 0.42	116 ± 0.23
Rhein	113 ± 0.36	215 ± 0.66
Rutin	45 ± 0.18	78 ± 0.22
Vanillic acid	nd	73 ± 0.62

nd: not detected.
The fermentation periods by Aspergillus niger were 72 h.