The Expansion of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Is Associated with Joint Inflammation in Rheumatic Patients with Arthritis

Table 1

Characteristics of the patients and controls included in the flow cytometric analysis.

Characteristics	Rheumatoid Arthritis	Ankylosing Spondylitis	Osteoarthritis	Systemic Lupus Erythematosus			Gout/Hyperuricemia			Healthy Control
				Total	With Arthritis	Without Arthritis	Total	Gout	Hyperuricemia
Number of cases (n)	31	21	14	24	11	13	19	9	10	25
Gender (M/F) (n)	9/22	13/8	6/8	3/21	1/10	2/11	13/6	6/3	7/3	13/12
Age (years)	43.1±16.3	30.9±11.0	60.9±10.7	29.6±9.0	27.9±6.7	31.1±10.6	38.9±12.4	39.7±12.7	38.2±12.8	36.7±14.0
Disease Duration (years)	12.5±11.7	6.0±5.4	7.9±7.4	4.9±6.4	3.2±3.6	6.4±7.9	8.9±9.9	10.9±9.1	7.1±10.7	NA
ESR (mm/h)	31.7±30.5	14.9±11.8	19.6±9.6	25.1±18.6	25.3±19.4	25.0±18.6	10.9±5.9	12.7±7.9	9.4±2.8	NA
CRP (mg/L)	24.0±45.9	11.2±8.2	15.1±9.8	14.9±12.7	23.0±13.8	7.9±5.9^##	9.1±7.6	13.7±8.6	4.8±2.4^###	NA
Total Joint Pain (scores)	5.0±2.7	5.4±2.5	5.0±2.4	NA	6.6±2.7	NA	NA	4.4±1.5	NA	NA
Swollen Joint Counts (n)	1.6±1.5	NA	0.7±0.8	NA	2.0±1.7	NA	NA	1.4±0.9	NA	NA
HAQ (scores)	0.9±0.4	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
DAS28 (scores)	3.7±1.0	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
IgM RF (IU/ml)	566.3±1027.9	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
ACPA (U/ml)	58.6±38.0	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
HLA-B27 (+/-) (n)	NA	16/5	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
ASDAS (scores)	NA	2.9±0.9	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
BASFI (scores)	NA	4.3±1.6	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
SLEDAI (scores)	NA	NA	NA	6.6±3.7	5.5±2.5	7.5±4.4	NA	NA	NA	NA
ANA (U/ml)	NA	NA	NA	205.3±145.5	171.0±121.9	234.2±162.0	NA	NA	NA	NA
Anti-dsDNA (U/ml)	NA	NA	NA	78.3±61.4	71.1±54.5	84.1±68.3	NA	NA	NA	NA
C3 (g/L)	NA	NA	NA	0.6±0.3	0.6±0.2	0.6±0.1	NA	NA	NA	NA
SUA(μmol/L)	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	538.6±133.6	507.1±126.1	566.9±140.4	NA
NSAIDs (n, %)	20 (64.5%)	17 (81.0%)	8 (57.1%)	NA	6 (54.5%)	NA	NA	7 (77.8%)	NA	NA
DMARDs (n, %)	24 (77.4%)	9 (42.9%)	NA	15 (62.5%)	7 (63.6%)	8 (61.5%)	NA	NA	NA	NA
GCs (n, %)	NA	NA	NA	24 (100%)	11 (100%)	13 (100%)	NA	NA	NA	NA
UALs (n, %)	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	16 (84.2%)	9 (100%)	7 (70%)	NA
MDSC (%)	6.56±6.77	4.04±2.41	3.46±2.14	2.56±2.18	3.97±2.47	1.36±0.79^##	2.12±2.45	3.36±3.13	0.99±0.58^#	1.46±0.96
M-MDSC (%)	2.52±3.81	1.84±1.70	0.70±0.53	1.06±1.53	2.01±1.87	0.26±0.18^###	0.53±0.60	0.84±0.70	0.25±0.33^##	0.35±0.35
G-MDSC (%)	1.13±1.64	0.82±1.02	0.43±0.33	0.49±0.41	0.44±0.28	0.54±0.50	0.22±0.21	0.33±0.26	0.12±0.06^#	0.18±0.14

Note: ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; CRP, C-reactive protein; HAQ, health assessment questionnaire; DAS28, disease activity score in 28 joints; RF, rheumatoid factor; ACPA, anti-citrullinated protein antibody; HLA-B27, human leukocyte antigen B27; ASDAS, ankylosing spondylitis disease activity score; BASFI, bath ankylosing spondylitis functional index; SLEDAI, systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index; ANA, antinuclear antibody; Anti-dsDNA, anti-double stranded DNA antibody; C3, complement C3; SUA, serum uric acid; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; DMARDs, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs; GCs, glucocorticoid drugs; UALs, uric-acid-lowering drugs; MDSC, myeloid derived suppressor cell; M-MDSC, monocytic MDSC; G-MDSC, granulocytic MDSC; Total Joint Pain was assessed on a visual analog scale (0-10 cm); NA, not available; the percentage of patients treated with related drugs more than a specified period of time; compared with healthy control; ^# compared with the systemic lupus erythematosus group with arthritis or gout; or ^#p<0.05, or ^##p<0.01, and or ^###p<0.001.