Clinical Study

A Comparative In Vivo Study on Three Treatment Approaches to Applying Topical Botulinum Toxin A for Crow’s Feet

Table 6

Comparison of the skin hydration before and after treatment ().

GroupBaseline1 week4 weeks12 weeks

intramuscular injections
intradermal microdroplet
nanomicroneedles

value2.6694.81711.5445.654
value>0.05<0.05<0.05<0.05

Note: compared with baseline; compared with intramuscular injections group at the same time point; compared with intradermal Microdroplet group at the same time point; compared with nanomicroneedle group at the same time point.