Effects of Fine Particulate Matter on Pseudomonas aeruginosa Adhesion and Biofilm Formation In Vitro

Figure 1

P. aeruginosa biofilm formation on peg and flat-bottom well after fine particulate matter (FPM) treatment. (a, b) Amounts of biofilm masses were measured with the absorbance value of crystal violet solubilized from the stained biofilm. Biofilm masses on the peg (a) and flat-bottom well (b) increased with an increase in the concentration of FPM in a dose-dependent manner. Contour and architecture of biofilms were examined using scanning electron microscopy. (c) Dense biofilm and cracked surface are observed in the image after treatment with 100 μg/mL FPM. (d, e) Surface of the peg coated with hydroxyapatite covered with attached bacteria to form a biofilm after treatment with 50 and 25 μg/mL FPM. (f) Bacteria rarely adhere on the peg surfaces and hydroxyapatite-coated surface can be seen in FPM-untreated cultures.

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