Comprehensive Quality Control of the Regenerative Therapy Using Platelet Concentrates: The Current Situation and Prospects in Japan
Table 2
Characteristics of somatic stem cells, platelets, and leukocytes.
Somatic stem cells
Platelets
Leukocytes
Isolation
Postnatal adult tissue
Adult venous blood
Adult venous blood
Origin
Autologous or allogeneic material
Autologous
Autologous
Differentiation potential
Multipotent
No
No
Differentiation lineage
Limited number of cell types depending on tissue of origin
No
No
Chimera formation
No
No
No
Self-renewal
Limited
No
No
Maintenance in cell culture
Difficult for long periods
No
Possible
Ease of access, yield, and purification
Depending on source tissue
Easy
Easy
Lifespan
Limited
Limited
Limited
Production efficiency
Limited number of cells (chromosome tend to shorten with ageing)
Efficient Fractionation
Efficient Fractionation
Risks of treatment
No
No
No
Ethical issue
No
No
No
Immunogenicity and immunomodulatory effects
Low immunogenicity and medium-to-strong immunomodulatory effects
No
No
Immune rejection
In case of autologous use, lower chance of immune rejection, but immunogenicity in allogeneic and nonhomologous applications remains unpredictable
No
No
Targeted disease
Targeted disease may still be present in stem cells in case of autologous use
No
No
Characteristics of somatic stem cells are taken from the literature [12] and adapted to PCs. It should be noted that, during preparation of PCs, undetectable levels or limited numbers of circulating hematopoietic stem cells may contaminate the collected blood samples, but these cells cannot be expanded during preparation or can hardly influence regeneration at an implantation site.
