The Role of Wnt Pathway in the Pathogenesis of OA and Its Potential Therapeutic Implications in the Field of Regenerative Medicine

Table 3

In vitro both human and animal studies included.

Reference	Author	Subjects	Pathway involved	Results
[12]	L. Chen et al. (2016)	C57BL/6 transgenic mice and OA human (n=10) articular chondrocytes	EZH2	EZH2 level was found significantly increased. Pharmacological inhibition of EZH2 silenced β-catenin signalling pathway and delayed OA progression in mice
[14]	H. Oh et al. (2012)	Human and mouse OA model chondrocytes	DKK-1/Wnt	Overexpressing Dkk-1 by intra-articular injection significantly reduced progression of OA in mice induced with DMM thanks to the inhibition of Wnt-mediated expression of catabolic factors
[16]	Deshmukh V. et al. (2018)	Cell culture of bone-marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and in vivo studies in a rodent acute cruciate ligament tear and partial medial meniscectomy (ACLT + pMMx) OA model	SM04690	SM04690 induced hMSC differentiation into mature, functional chondrocytes and decreased cartilage catabolic marker levels compared to vehicle. A single SM04690 intra-articular (IA) injection was effective in a rodent OA model