Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor- Prevents Cholesterol Gallstone Formation in C57bl Mice by Regulating Bile Acid Synthesis and Enterohepatic Circulation

Figure 7

Summary of the PPARγ effects on cholesterol and bile salt transporter genes expression. Transporters in blue ovals are upregulated by PPARγ activation in the presence of lithogenic diet treatment, except Ntcp. Transporters in green ovals are also upregulated by PPARγ activation in the presence of lithogenic diet treatment, except Ldlr and Npc1l1. Npc1l1 is downregulated by PPARγ activation. The net effect of PPARγ activation is increased biliary concentration of bile salts and increased fecal cholesterol content as well as decreased content of fecal bile salts. Abc: adenosine triphosphate binding cassette; ASBT: sodium-dependent bile acid transporter; BSEP: bile salt export pump; Ldlr: low-density lipoprotein receptor; Mrp: multidrug resistance protein; Npc1l1: Niemann-Pick C1 like 1; Ntcp: Na-taurocholate cotransport proteins; Ost: organic solute transporter.