BioMed Research International

Research Article

In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Propyl-Propane-Thiosulfinate and Propyl-Propane-Thiosulfonate Derived from Allium spp. against Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria Isolated from Human Samples

Table 1

Activity in vitro of PTS, PTSO, and others antibacterial agents against gram-negative organisms.


Organisms (number of isolates)	MIC₅₀	MIC₉₀	MBC₅₀	MBC₉₀	of resistant isolates
Organisms (number of isolates)	(in mg/L)	(in mg/L)	(in mg/L)	(in mg/L)	of resistant isolates

Enterobacteriaceae (n=151)
Amoxicillin/clavulanate	32/16	256/128	64/32	256/128	59.6
Piperacillin/tazobactam	8/4	256/4	32/4	512/4	31.8
Cefuroxime	>512	>512	>512	>512	81.5
Cefoxitin	8	256	64	512	37.1
Cefotaxime	64	>128	128	>128	77.5
Ceftazidime	16	256	64	512	58.3
Cefepime	8	128	32	256	65.6
Imipenem	1	1	2	16	2.0
Meropenem	0.125	1	0.25	4	1.3
Gentamicin	4	128	32	>128	35.8
Tobramycin	4	128	32	>128	42.4
Amikacin	16	>512	64	>512	29.1
Ciprofloxacin	64	>128	128	>128	67.6
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole	2/38	>64/1216	64/1216	>64/1216	53.0
Nitrofurantoín	32	256	128	512	43.0
PTS	256	512	256	512	-
PTSO	64	128	128	512	-
Escherichia coli (n=68)
Amoxicillin/clavulanate	16/8	256/128	64/32	>256/128	55.9
Piperacillin/tazobactam	8/4	128/4	32/4	256/4	26.5
Cefuroxime	>512	>512	>512	>512	95.6
Cefoxitin	8	128	32	256	33.8
Cefotaxime	128	>128	>128	>128	94.1
Ceftazidime	32	256	64	>512	75.0
Cefepime	16	128	64	256	80.9
Imipenem	0.5	1	2	4	0.0
Meropenem	0.06	1	0.125	4	0.0
Gentamicin	4	64	16	128	30.9
Tobramycin	4	64	16	128	33.8
Amikacin	8	32	32	128	14.7
Ciprofloxacin	64	128	128	>128	73.5
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole	>64/1216	>64/1216	>64/1216	>64/1216	61.8
Nitrofurantoin	32	64	64	256	14.7
PTS	128	256	256	512	-
PTSO	64	128	128	512	-
Klebsiella spp. (n=39)
Amoxicillin/clavulanate	32/16	64/32	64/32	256/128	82.1
Piperacillin/tazobactam	32/4	512/4	64/4	>512/4	59.0
Cefuroxime	>512	>512	>512	>512	97.4
Cefoxitin	32	512	64	>512	53.8
Cefotaxime	64	>128	128	>128	97.4
Ceftazidime	64	256	128	512	76.9
Cefepime	16	64	32	256	79.5
Imipenem	1	1	2	4	0.0
Meropenem	0.06	0.25	0.125	1	0.0
Gentamicin	64	>128	64	>128	66.7
Tobramycin	32	>128	32	>128	76.9
Amikacin	64	>512	128	>512	53.8
Ciprofloxacin	128	>128	>128	>128	87.2
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole	>64/1216	>64/1216	>64/1216	>64/1216	79.5
Nitrofurantoin	64	128	128	256	61.5
PTS	256	512	256	512	-
PTSO	128	256	128	512	-
ESBL-producers (n=59)
Amoxicillin/clavulanate	16/8	>256/128	64/32	>256/128	52.5
Piperacillin/tazobactam	8/4	256/4	32/4	512/4	30.5
Cefuroxime	>512	>512	>512	>512	100
Cefoxitin	8	64	32	128	25.4
Cefotaxime	128	>128	>128	>128	100
Ceftazidime	64	256	256	>512	78.0
Cefepime	32	128	64	>256	93.2
Imipenem	0.5	1	2	4	0.0
Meropenem	0.125	1	0.25	4	0.0
Gentamicin	4	128	16	>128	37.3
Tobramycin	4	128	32	>128	47.5
Amikacin	16	128	64	128	25.4
Ciprofloxacin	64	>128	128	>128	74.6
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole	>64/1216	>64/1216	>64/1216	>64/1216	62.7
Nitrofurantoin	32	128	64	256	32.2
PTS	128	256	256	512	-
PTSO	64	128	128	512	-
Salmonella spp. and Yersinia spp. (n=32)
Amoxicillin/clavulanate	8/4	256/128	64/32	256/128	28.1
Piperacillin/tazobactam	2/4	128/4	16/4	128/4	12.5
Cefuroxime	4	>512	32	>512	25.0
Cefoxitin	8	64	64	128	12.5
Cefotaxime	1	1	8	64	12.5
Ceftazidime	4	4	16	64	0.0
Cefepime	2	32	16	64	0.0
Imipenem	1	1	16	16	0.0
Meropenem	1	1	4	8	0.0
Gentamicin	4	4	32	32	3.1
Tobramycin	4	4	32	32	6.3
Amikacin	16	128	128	256	34.4
Ciprofloxacin	1	128	8	128	37.5
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole	2/38	2/38	16/304	>64/1216	3.1
Nitrofurantoin	256	512	512	1024	65.6
PTS	256	256	256	512	-
PTSO	64	128	64	128	-
Remaining enterobacteria (n=12)
Amoxicillin/clavulanate	64/32	128/64	256/128	256/128	91.7
Piperacillin/tazobactam	4/4	64/4	8/4	256/4	25.0
Cefuroxime	>512	>512	>512	>512	100
Cefoxitin	256	>512	256	>512	66.7
Cefotaxime	64	>128	128	>128	91.7
Ceftazidime	8	128	32	512	58.3
Cefepime	8	64	8	256	66.7
Imipenem	1	4	2	16	25.0
Meropenem	0.06	1	0.125	4	16.7
Gentamicin	4	32	32	>128	50.0
Tobramycin	8	32	16	>128	58.3
Amikacin	4	256	8	>512	16.7
Ciprofloxacin	1	>128	8	>128	50.0
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole	2/38	>64/1216	16/304	>64/1216	50.0
Nitrofurantoin	64	>1024	128	>1024	83.3
PTS	128	256	256	256	-
PTSO	64	128	128	256	-
Nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli (n=61)
Piperacillin/tazobactam	16/4	512/4	128/4	512/4	34.4
Ceftazidime	8	128	64	512	32.8
Cefepime	8	32	64	256	42.6
Imipenem	16	128	32	>128	52.5
Meropenem	4	64	16	128	52.5
Gentamicin	4	>128	32	>128	39.3
Tobramycin	4	>128	32	>128	27.9
Amikacin	8	128	32	256	19.7
Ciprofloxacin	32	>128	64	>128	59.0
PTS	1024	2048	1024	2048	-
PTSO	256	1024	512	2048	-
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=40)
Piperacillin/tazobactam	16/4	256/4	128/4	256/4	25.0
Ceftazidime	8	64	64	256	27.5
Cefepime	8	32	64	128	32.5
Imipenem	16	128	32	128	57.5
Meropenem	4	64	32	128	57.5
Gentamicin	4	>128	16	>128	37.5
Tobramycin	4	128	16	>128	17.5
Amikacin	8	32	32	128	12.5
Ciprofloxacin	32	>128	64	>128	62.5
PTS	1024	2048	2048	2048	-
PTSO	512	1024	512	2048	-
Remaining nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli (n=21)
Piperacillin/tazobactam	128/4	512/4	512/4	>512/4	52.4
Ceftazidime	8	128	64	512	42.9
Cefepime	16	64	128	256	61.9
Imipenem	2	>128	16	>128	42.9
Meropenem	2	16	8	>128	42.9
Gentamicin	4	>128	32	>128	42.9
Tobramycin	4	>128	32	>128	47.6
Amikacin	16	256	64	256	33.3
Ciprofloxacin	4	>128	32	>128	52.4
PTS	128	512	128	512	-
PTSO	64	256	64	256	-

MIC: minimum inhibitory concentration; MBC: minimum bactericidal concentration; % of resistant isolates: percentages of isolates intermediate or resistant according to the criteria published by the CLSI (2016).