Finite Element Investigation of the Effects of the Low-Frequency Vibration Generated by Vehicle Driving on the Human Lumbar Mechanical Properties

Table 1

Material properties of the lumbar finite element model.

Structure		Solid phase material			Fluid phase material		References
		Elastic modulus (MPa)		Poisson’s ratio	Permeability (m^4/Ns)	Void ratio
Cancellous bone	Linear-elastic	100		0.2	1e^−13	0.4	[8, 13]
Cortical bone	Linear-elastic	10000		0.3	1e^−20	0.02	[8, 13, 14]
Annulus fibrosus	Linear-elastic	357-550		0.3			[15]
Annulus ground substance	Hyper-elastic	C10=0.315	D=0.688		9e^−16	2.33	[13–15]
Nucleus pulposus	Hyper-elastic	C10=0.125	D=2.475		3e^−16	4	[13–15]
Ligament/Facet	Hyper-elastic	Fitting from previous experiment					[16]