Uroplakin IIIa Is a Marker in Bladder Cancer but Seems Not to Reflect Chemical Carcinogenesis

Table 1

Population characteristics.

Population characteristic	Patients (%)	Controls (%)
No.	61	33
Male	51 (84)	28 (85)
Female	10 (16)	5 (15)
Age, years	66 (41-88)	65(54-81)
Smokers	47 (77)	24 (73)
Nonsmokers	14 (23)	9 (27)
Clinical staging
Ta	28 (46)	-
T1	18 (30)	-
T2	4 (6)	-
T3	5 (8)	-
TIS	6 (10)	-
Clinical grading		-
LG	29 (53)	-
HG	32 (47)	-
Clinical subgroups		-
NMIBC	46 (75)	-
MIBC	15 (25)	-

Ta, T1, T2, and TIS: subgroups of BC according to tumor stage T (TNM); LG: low grade; HG: high grade; NMIBC: nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer; MIBC: muscle invasive bladder cancer. TNM: Tumor Nodules Metastases, 2002.