Isolation of Extracellular Vesicles: General Methodologies and Latest Trends

Figure 1

The principles used for EVs isolation, methods of isolation, and possible areas of their application. The areas of possible application depending on the properties of EVs are indicated for methods suitable for large scale isolation. method was designed for highly diluted samples, for example, urine. UC, ultracentrifugation, sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation; DG, iodixanol density gradient ultracentrifugation; UF, micro- and ultrafiltration; HFD, hydrostatic dialysis; SEC, size-exclusive chromatography; PEG, EV precipitation with polyethylene glycol and commercial reagents, based on it; protamine, using EV precipitation with protamine; NaAc, using EV precipitation with NaAc; PROSPR, EV isolation via protein precipitation with organic solvent; PEG + DEX, distributive method.