Role of Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure

Table 1

Studies that evaluated the impact of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection on chronic liver disease (CLD) or acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) patients.

Country	Region/City	Population	Number of patients	Cases of decompensation due to HEV infection, n (%)	Reference
ASIA
India	New Delhi	Cirrhotic patients with liver decompensation	CHD = 31; ACLF = 42	CHD = 6 (19.3%); ACLF = 21 (50%)	[12]
India	Lucknow	ACLF patients	121	80 (66.1%)	[13]
India	New Delhi	ACLF patients	91	14 (15.3%)	[14]
India	New Delhi	ACLF patients	48	7 (14.5%)	[15]
India	New Delhi	CHBV patients with acute hepatitis	43	8	[16]
India	New Delhi	Cirrhotic patients with liver decompensation	10	10 (100%)	[17]
India	Vellore	ACLF patients	9	9 (100%)	[18]
India	New Delhi	CHBV patients with liver decompensation	72	6 (8.3%)	[19]
India	Jaipur	ACLF patients	52	5 (9.6%)	[20]
India	Chandigarh	ACLF patients	100	8 (8%)	[21]
India	Chandigarh	ACLF patients	102	4 (3.9%)	[22]
India	Lucknow	ACLF pediatric patients	36	23 (63.8%)	[23]
India	Chandigarh	ACLF patients	31	3 (9.6%)	[24]
China	Guangzhou	CHBV infected with HEV infection	136	54 (39.7%)	[25]
China	Guangzhou	ACLF patients	107	80 (74.7%)	[26]
China	Shanghai	ACLF patients	301	34 (11.3%)	[27]
Bangladesh	Dhaka	ACLF patients	69	15 (21.7%)	[28]
Bangladesh	Dhaka	Cirrhotic children with liver decompensation	32	14 (43.75%)	[29]
Nepal	Kathmandu	Cirrhotic patients with liver decompensation	12	12 (100%)	[31]
Nepal	Kathmandu	ACLF patients	7	7 (100%)	[32]
Pakistan	Karachi	ACLF patients	4	4 (100%)	[10]
EUROPE
UK	London	Acute HEV infected patients	40	3 (7.5%)	[38–40]
France	Toulouse	Fulminant hepatitis failure	7	7 (100%)	[41]
Switzerland	Lausanne	Cirrhotic patients with liver decompensation	4	2 (50%)	[42]
UK/ France	Truro, Glasgow, Norwich, Toulouse	Cirrhotic patients with liver decompensation	343	11 (3.2%)	[43]
France	Villejuif	Acute alcoholic hepatitis	84	3 (3.5%)	[44]
Spain	Córdoba	HIV-infected cirrhotic patients with acute HEV infection	83	2 (2.4%)	[45]
AFRICA
Egypt	Mansoura	ACLF patients	100	13 (13%)	[48]
Gambia	Banjul	ACLF patients	40	0	[49]
AMERICA
USA	Houston	HCV cirrhotic patients with cancer	47	0	[50]
USA	Ann Arbor, Bethesda, Maywood, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Charleston, Dallas	ACLF patients	681	3 (0.4%)	[51]

Number of cases (n); hepatitis E virus (HEV); chronic hepatic decompensation (CHD); acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF); hepatitis A virus (HAV); chronic hepatitis B virus (CHBV); United Kingdom (UK); human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Two cases were superinfected with both HAV and HEV.