A Preliminary Study of Biliary Microbiota in Patients with Bile Duct Stones or Distal Cholangiocarcinoma

Figure 4

Heatmap of bile microbial from all samples. We tested bile in patients with biliary tract tumors and compared all bile microbial organisms in patients with biliary tract tumors, recurrent choledocholithiasis, and the new onset of common bile duct stones. Analysis of bile microbial colonies reveals heterogeneity between individuals. The dCCA group (Tumor group, T), the new onset of CBD stones group (CBD stones group, C), and recurrent CBD stones group (Post-ERCP CBD stones group, P) denoted as “Group T”, “Group C”, and “Group P”, respectively, in the figure.